Bandverbindungen der Dornfortsätze der Wirbelsäule

In the cervical region the fibres of the interspinous and nuchal ligaments pass in an anteroc ranial direction: they act against diminishing of the cervical lordosis. In the thoracic region, longitudinal bundles of fibres connect the tops of the spinous processes; they act against an augmentation of the thoracal kyphosis. Between thoracal kyphosis and lumbal lordosis there is no exact course of the fibres of the interspinous ligts. ("thorakolumbaler "Übergangsbereich"). In the lumbar spine the fibres of the interspinous ligts., being very strong, pass in a posterocranial direction. They have the function of limitation the range of flexion ventrally and of limiting backwards - shifting of the cranial vertebra in dorsal-flexion. In the lumbosacral segment additional fibres, arising from the top of the 5th lumbar spinous process, pass in a posterocaudal direction and interlace with the thoracolumbar fascia , whose fibres form — below the 4 th lumbarvertebra — ascissor - latticed structure. The supraspinous ligt. lies superficially to the thoracolumbar fascia. Its fibres pass several spinous processes. I t ends caudally at the 4th lumbar spinous process

Space/time noncommutative field theories and causality

As argued previously, amplitudes of quantum field theories on noncommutative space and time cannot be computed using naive path integral Feynman rules. One of the proposals is to use the Gell-Mann--Low formula with time-ordering applied before performing the integrations. We point out that the previously given prescription should rather be regarded as an interaction point time-ordering. Causality is explicitly violated inside the region of interaction. It is nevertheless a consistent procedure, which seems to be related to the interaction picture of quantum mechanics. In this framework we compute the one-loop self-energy for a space/time noncommutative \phi^4 theory. Although in all intermediate steps only three-momenta play a role, the final result is manifestly Lorentz covariant and agrees with the naive calculation. Deriving the Feynman rules for general graphs, we show, however, that such a picture holds for tadpole lines only.Comment: 16 pages, LaTeX, uses feynmf macros, one reference added; ooops, version 2 was an older one

IR-Singularities in Noncommutative Perturbative Dynamics?

We analyse the IR-singularities that appear in a noncommutative scalar quantum field theory on $\mathcal{E}_4$. We demonstrate with the help of the quadratic one-loop effective action and an appropriate field redefinition that no IR-singularities exist. No new degrees of freedom are needed to describe the UV/IR-mixing.Comment: 6 pages, amsLaTe

Variational Perturbation Theory for Markov Processes

We develop a convergent variational perturbation theory for conditional probability densities of Markov processes. The power of the theory is illustrated by applying it to the diffusion of a particle in an anharmonic potential.Comment: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html Latest update of paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/33

Omariniite, Cu8Fe2ZnGe2S12, the germanium analogue of stannoidite, a new mineral species from Capillitas, Argentina

This is a pre-proof versionThis is a 'preproof' accepted article for Mineralogical Magazine. This version may be subject to change during the production process and you advised to view the published pdf. 10.1180/minmag.2016.080.16

Paarbeziehungen als Mikrosysteme: Ableitung und empirische Prüfung von theoretischen Annahmen

"Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit stehen zwei Fragen: 1. Hilft eine systemtheoretische Meta-Perspektive, um die eher a-theoretische Forschung bei den Paarbeziehungen zu überwinden und 2. gibt es kritische Anfangszustände, die eine Paarbeziehung stabilisieren? In einer Untersuchung an 344 Paaren werden die Merkmale auf systemtheoretischem Hintergrund analysiert, die beim Verlieben auf eine dauerhaft glückliche Beziehung schließen lassen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass vor allem die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Partnern beim Verlieben in den beiden Bereichen emotionale Bindung und soziale Integration dazu führen, dass sich diese Paare von anderen Paaren mit geringerer Stabilität (Dauer und Glück) unterscheiden lassen. Der Ausgangspunkt des Mikrosystems ist damit eine Bedingung für die Entwicklung einer langen und glücklichen Beziehung oder deren Instabilität. Unter dieser theoretischen Annahme, dass Übereinstimmungen in nicht sichtbaren Kriterien in der Phase des Verliebens relevant für die Stabilität sind, lassen sich die hohen Trennungs- und Scheidungsraten von ca. 50 Prozent erklären bzw. bestätigen diese Annahme, wenn andere Bindungsmomente wegfallen." (Autorenreferat)"This study focusses on two questions: 1. Can a system-oriented meta-perspective help to overcome the atheoretical research in the field of relationships and 2. are there critical states in the beginning of the relationship that can make it more stable? In a study of 344 couples we analyse the characteristics on a system-oriented basis that suggest a happy lasting relationship when falling in love. Stable and unstable (lasting and happiness) relationships differ in respect to the variables emotional bond and social integration. We found the partnership answers to be more corresponding in stable relationships whereas in unstable relationships the answers differ. This means that the starting point of the micro system already is critical for a long and happy relationship. Theoretical assumption, that invisible similarity in the beginning, is relevant for stability , explains the high rate of separation and divorce of 50% if there are no other pressures to stay in the relationship as financial or other support. The high rate of separation and divorce supports this theory also." (author's abstract

An immunohistochemical study of the tissue bridging adult spondylolytic defects—the presence and significance of fibrocartilaginous entheses

Introduction Spondylolytic spondylolisthesis is an osseous discontinuity of the vertebral arch that predominantly affects the fifth lumbar vertebra. Biomechanical factors are closely related to the condition. An immunohistochemical investigation of lysis-zone tissue obtained from patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis was performed to determine the molecular composition of the lysis-zone tissue and enable interpretation of the mechanical demands to which the tissue is subject. Methods: During surgery, the tissue filling the spondylytic defects was removed from 13 patients. Twelve spondylolistheses were at the L5/S1 level with slippage being less than Meyerding grade II. Samples were methanol fixed, decalcified and cryosectioned. Sections were labelled with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against collagens, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Results: The lysis-zone tissue had an ordered collagenous structure with distinct fibrocartilaginous entheses at both ends. Typically, these had zones of calcified and uncalcified fibrocartilage labelling strongly for type II collagen and aggrecan. Labelling was also detected around bony spurs that extended from the enthesis into the lysis-zone. The entheses also labelled for types I, III and VI collagens, chondroitin four and six sulfate, keratan and dermatan sulfate, link protein, versican and tenascin. Conclusions: Although the gap filled by the lysis tissue is a pathological feature, the tissue itself has hallmarks of a normal ligament—i.e. fibrocartilaginous entheses at either end of an ordered collagenous fibre structure. The fibrocartilage is believed to dissipate stress concentration at the hard/soft tissue boundary. The widespread occurrence of molecules typical of cartilage in the attachment of the lysis tissue, suggests that compressive and shear forces are present to which the enthesis is adapted, in addition to the expected tensile forces across the spondylolysis. Such a combination of tensile, shear and compressive forces must operate whenever there is any opening or closing of the spondylolytic ga