The Preparation of Liposomes Derived From Mixed Micelles of Lecithin Added by Sodium Cholate, Followed by Dialysing Using Hemoflow High Flux F60S

Liposomes are used for drug carriers meaning that drugs are incorporated in the membrane or the vesicle of the liposomes. In this study, liposomes were prepared from mixed micelles, consisting of phosphatidylcholine, without or with cholesterol and sodium cholate was added in several ratios namely 0.44; 0.55; 0.63; 0.70; 0.90 and 1.10. After the preparation, the sodium cholate has been removed by a dialysis membrane, using the Hemoflow High Flux, which is generally used for haemodialysis. The Hemoflow High Flux is a tool in an effort to obtain a simple, quick, effective method for removing sodium cholate in the process of preparing liposomes. The effectiveness of this tool was proved by the particle size of the liposome which was measured by the Malvern Particle Sizer. The particle size of the liposome consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC) without cholesterol and with cholesterol was 63-68 nm at all ratios and approximately 125 nm at the ratio of 0.55; 0.63; 0.70, respectively. The particle size of the liposome tended to be smaller after dialyzing, although the concentration of lipids tended to increase. However, a large amount of buffer solution has to be used with this method

IMPACT OF ZOLEDRONATE BISPHOSPHONATE GEL IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON THE INCREASE OF OSTEOCLAST APOPTOSIS

Objective: This study aimed to show the impact of the ZOL in VCO gel (Ge-ZOL) on the extent of osteoclasts apoptosis.Methods: The study used 27 Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into three groups: Nine rats in the experimental group were given 40 µg of Ge-ZOL, nine rats in the control group were given VCO emulsion gel without ZOL (Ge-), and nine rats in the normal group were not given any treatment. The gel was applied to the buccal mucosa using a cotton bud for 2 min at hour of 0, 4, and 8 on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The rats were sacrificed on days 1, 3, and 5, and then, evaluated by immunohistochemical caspase-3 staining.Result: The number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control and normal groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group on the day 1 was significantly higher than on the days 3 and 5 (p<0.001).Conclusion: The application of Ge-ZOL to the buccal mucosa proven to improve the number of apoptotic osteoclast cells in the experimental group on the day 1, and this number was higher than on the days 3 and 5

The Distribution of Liposomal-Methylprednisolone Palmitate (L-MPLP) in Several Organs in Mice After Intra-Peritoneal Injection

This study was to analyze the distribution of liposomal-methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP) as a new drug formulation, in several organs of mice after intra-peritoneal injection. In a previous study, in vitro, the stability and the incorporation of methylprednisolone palmitate into liposome membranes were increased, from 70% to approximately 95% using tetra-ether lipid as a stabilizer of the liposome membrane. Based on this result, the stability of L-MPLP should also be proved, in vivo, that the drug, methylprednisolone palmitate, could be distributed into several organs more effective than in a control group (methylprednisolone palmitate and methylprednisolone as a standard of drug and liposome). Forty-two mice of C3H were divided into 5 study groups. Each group of animals was divided into 6 sub-groups of time from 10 minutes to 48 hours. Each drug was injected intra-peritoneal, blood was drawn from the vein of the tail and the organs i.e. liver, kidneys, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow were extirpated after sacrificing the mice using ether. The distribution of the drug or their metabolites was higher at the minute of 180 and tended to decrease at the time of 48 hours after injection. The higher distribution was shown in the liver and rather high in the spleen, thymus, kidney, and bone-marrow respectively

Efek Antioksidan Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Acalypha Indica dan Centella Asiatica pada Fungsi Hati Tikus Pascahipoksia Sistemik

Hipoksia adalah defisiensi suplai oksigen ke dalam sel atau jaringan karena gagalnya sistem respirasi yang membawa oksigen sehingga mengakibatkan kerusakan jaringan. Hati merupakan organ yang sensitif terhadap hipoksia. Tanaman Acalypha indica dan Centella asiatica memiliki efek antioksidan dan dapat melindungi banyak organ dari hipoksia. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol A.indica dan C.asiatica pascahipoksia sistemik terhadap fungsi hati, stres oksidatif dan aktivitas antioksidan hati. Sebanyak 28 tikus spraquedawley dibagi secara acak menjadi 7 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol adalah perlakuan tanpa hipoksia, perlakuan enam kelompok lainnya pascahipoksia 7 hari diberikan zat uji sebagai berikut: air, kombinasi dosis 1 dan 2, dosis tunggal A.indica, dosis tunggal C. asiatica dan dosis tunggal vitamin C selama 7 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah aktivitas ALT dan AST, kadar MDA, rasio GSH/GSSG. Tidak ada perbedaan aktivitas ALT dan AST yang bermakna pada semua kelompok. Kadar MDA meningkat pada kelompok pascahipoksia 7 hari dibanding kontrol (p=0,007). Kelompok kombinasi 1 memiliki MDA yang rendah, rasio GSH/GSSG dan aktivitas SOD yang meningkat dibandingkan kelompok pascahipoksia 7 hari. Pemberian zat uji kombinasi 1 memiliki efek perlindungan pada hati tikus terhadap pascahipoksia 7 hari melalui mekanisme stres oksidatif dan antioksidan

Aktivitas Diuretik dan Analisa Mineral Urin Perlakuan Ekstrak Tanaman Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth) pada Tikus Jantan

Tanaman Kumis Kucing merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki banyak keuntungan dan sudah digunakan sejak dahulu dalam upaya menjaga kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi aktivitas diuretik dari penggunaan ekstrak Kumis Kucing dan mengukur kadar kalium dan natrium dalam urin. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi empat grup; kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (furosemide), dosis ekstrak 1 (250mg/kg BB) dan dosis ekstrak 2 (500mg/kg BB). Ekstrak diberikan secara peroral selama 7 hari. Aktivitas diuretik pada kelompok ekstrak dan kontrol positif pada jam pertama (P>0.05) dan jam keenam (P<0.05). Volume urin kumulatif dosis 1 mendekati furosemide. Pengukuran mineral urin menunjukkan hasil kehilangan mineral natrium dan kalium pada kelompok ekstrak lebih kecil dibandingkan kelompok referensi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis efektif ekstrak Kumis Kucing adalah 250 mg/kg BB pada jam ke-2 dan menunjukkan kehilangan mineral dalam urin yang lebih kecil

Buku panduan praktikum ilmu farmasi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran-Universitas Indonesia/ Edit. : Erni H. Purwaningsih (et al)

ix, 95 hal. : ill.; 23 cm

Buku panduan praktikum ilmu farmasi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran-Universitas Indonesia/ Edit. : Erni H. Purwaningsih (et al)

ix, 95 hal. : ill.; 23 cm

Buku panduan praktikum ilmu farmasi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran-Universitas Indonesia/ Edit. : Erni H. Purwaningsih (et al)

ix, 95 hal. : ill.; 23 cm

Buku panduan praktikum ilmu farmasi kedokteran Fakultas Kedokteran-Universitas Indonesia/ Edit. : Erni H. Purwaningsih (et al)

ix, 95 hal. : ill.; 23 cm