Exploration of the moon and planets

Unmanned interplanetary flight - engineering problems of mariner ii space prob

Some new methods for planetary exploration

For many centuries the planets of our solar system have been objects of study by astronomers. Before the invention of the telescope, these studies were restricted to an attempt to understand and predict their motion. Telescopes and accurate clocks allowed more precise observations to be made. By the 19th century, minor perturbations of the motions of the planets were being analyzed. By the end of this century, however, astronomers were becoming more interested in stellar and galactic problems, and the group interested in celestial mechanics and planetary observations appeared to be decreasing to a vanishing point in the mid-20th century. Then came the space program, and the possibility of performing experiments on, or at least near, other planets encouraged interest in the solar system to a remarkable degree

Pioneer III News Release

No abstract availabl

The Radio Sonde

The radio sonde has been developed in recent years as a practical instrument for transmitting information from the stratosphere. This paper discusses some of the problems connected with the application of the radio-sonde principle to the radio meteorograph and also to the cosmic-ray radio sonde

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS - STATUS OF A CITY MANAGER - ARE HIS FUNCTIONS PRIMARILY EXECUTIVE OR LEGISLATIVE?

When defendant city adopted the city-manager form of municipal government, it duly abolished by ordinance the board of police and fire commissioners and expressly assigned the board\u27s powers and duties to the city manager. Among such powers was that of recommending salary decreases for firemen and policemen, without which recommendation a decrease by action of the council was invalid. After the abolition of the board of police and .fire commissioners, the council decreased the salary of plaintiff policeman without previous recommendation by the city manager. Plaintiff claimed that such action was invalid, and sued to recover the amount of the salary decrease. Held, that prior recommendation by the city manager was not necessary, since the power to recommend decreases was legislative and being such could not be assigned to the city manager, it being the intent of the legislature to make the city manager an administrative officer. Webb v. City of Beloit, 229 Wis. 51, 281 N. W. 662 (1938)

NEGLIGENCE - CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE - STANDARD OF CARE - OBJECTIVE OR SUBJECTIVE?

While anchoring a guy wire for a hay carrier on his farm, plaintiff suffered injuries caused by contact between the guy wire and a high tension line owned by defendant. After an answer denying negligence and setting up the defense of contributory negligence on the part of plaintiff, defendant had a directed verdict. Held, that the alleged contributory negligence of plaintiff was a question of fact for the jury which was to be guided by the standard of care of the ordinary, careful, prudent man in the situation of the injured party in all respects, the court saying, We think it well settled that, in determining whether a plaintiff in a particular case was guilty of contributory negligence, the knowledge and experience of such plaintiff and the appreciation which he should have had of the danger must be taken into consideration. Aller v. Iowa Electric Light & Power Co., (Iowa, 1938) 283 N. W. 81 at 85

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - EMINENT DOMAIN - VALUE AS FIXED BY AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES - WHEN IS PROPERTY TAKEN FOR PURPOSE OF DETERMINING PAYMENT OF INTEREST?

Defendant\u27s land, situated between the riverside and set-back levees of the proposed floodway extending along the western bank of the Mississippi from Bird\u27s Point to New Madrid, Missouri, was inundated in the flood of 1937, at which time the floodway, with its system of fuse plugs (whereby the riverbank levee was to be lowered to allow flood waters to spend their destructive force by spreading over larger areas) was not yet in operation. Thereafter the United States, under authority conferred by the Flood Control Act of 1928, instituted condemnation proceedings to secure flowage rights over defendant\u27s land. Defendant claimed that the amount of compensation due had been set by an agreement entered into with the War Department in 1932 and that he should be allowed interest thereon from the date that his land was taken, which he alleged to be at the time that the Flood Control Act of 1928 was passed, or in the alternative, either the time that construction was begun on the set-back levee (October 21, 1929) or the time it was completed (October 31, 1932). Held, the amount of compensation to be paid was that agreed upon between defendant and the War Department, and interest was not allowable thereon as there had been no taking at any of the dates alleged by defendant. Danforth, v. United States, 308 U. S. 271, 60 S. Ct. 231 (1939)