Experimental Investigation of a High Subsonic Mach Number Turbine Having Low Rotor Suction-surface Diffusion

The quasi-three-dimensional method for the aerodynamic design of both stator and rotor blades is presented for a turbine having high weight flow and high specific work output. The turbine was designed for a relative critical velocity ratio of 0.82 at the rotor hub inlet. At the condition of equivalent design work output and blade speed, the efficiency based on the overall actual total-pressure ratio was 0.875, which is almost at high as those obtained for conservatively designed turbines

Experimental Investigation of a High Subsonic Mach Number Turbine Having High Rotor Blade Suction-surface Diffusion

Investigation of high subsonic turbine with high rotor blade suction-surface diffusio

Neuropeptide Degradation Produces Functional Inactivation in the Crustacean Nervous System

The pentapeptide proctolin (Proct.; Arg-Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr) is a modulatory transmitter found throughout the crustacean nervous system. No information is available in this system, however, as to how the actions of this peptide are terminated. To study this issue in the crab Cancer borealis, we incubated exogenous proctolin (10(-5) M) with either the thoracic ganglion (TG) or with conditioned saline (CS) that had been preincubated with the TG. We removed aliquots at standard time points for analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We found that over time the proctolin peak became progressively smaller, while three novel peaks appeared and increased in size. Comigration experiments using HPLC indicated that the major novel peak was Proct. (Tyr-Leu-Pro-Thr), while one of the two minor peaks was Proct. (Leu-Pro-Thr). The other minor peak appeared to be Proct. (Arg-Tyr), based on similar HPLC retention time to synthetic Proct. The reduction in the proctolin peak and the increase in the Proct. peak was prevented by co-incubation of proctolin with any one of several aminopeptidase inhibitors (10(-4) M). Proct. and Proct. appeared to result from a diaminopeptidase-mediated cleavage of proctolin. We tested whether N-terminal cleavage functionally inactivated proctolin by coapplying proctolin (10(-8) M) and individual aminopeptidase inhibitors (10(-5) M) to the isolated stomatogastric ganglion (STG). We found that these inhibitors significantly enhanced the proctolin excitation of the pyloric rhythm. Furthermore, application of synthetic Proct. to the STG had no effect unless high concentrations (\u3e 10(-6) M) were used, and neither Proct. nor Proct. (10(-4) M) influenced the pyloric rhythm. Our results indicate that proctolin is enzymatically degraded and thereby biologically inactivated in the crab nervous system, primarily by extracellularly located aminopeptidase activity

Организация работ по ремонту и обслуживанию предпусковых подогревателей двигателей грузовых автомобилей в условиях ремонтной мастерской ООО «Сибтрейд»

В разделе объект и методы исследования выполнен аналитический обзор по теме работы и обоснован выбор темы выпускной работы бакалавра. В разделе расчеты и аналитика представлены необходимые инженерные расчеты, связанные с организацией работ по ремонту и обслуживанию предпусковых жидкостных подогревателей грузовых автомобилей. В разделе "Социальная ответственность" выявлены опасные и вредные факторы, а также мероприятия по их ликвидации.In the section of the object and methods of research, an analytical review of the topic of work was carried out and the choice of the topic of the bachelor's thesis was substantiated. The calculations and analytics section presents the necessary engineering calculations related to the organization of work on the repair and maintenance of pre-launch liquid heaters of trucks. n the section "Social responsibility" identified dangerous and harmful factors, as well as measures for their elimination

Law of Genome Evolution Direction : Coding Information Quantity Grows

The problem of the directionality of genome evolution is studied. Based on the analysis of C-value paradox and the evolution of genome size we propose that the function-coding information quantity of a genome always grows in the course of evolution through sequence duplication, expansion of code, and gene transfer from outside. The function-coding information quantity of a genome consists of two parts, p-coding information quantity which encodes functional protein and n-coding information quantity which encodes other functional elements except amino acid sequence. The evidences on the evolutionary law about the function-coding information quantity are listed. The needs of function is the motive force for the expansion of coding information quantity and the information quantity expansion is the way to make functional innovation and extension for a species. So, the increase of coding information quantity of a genome is a measure of the acquired new function and it determines the directionality of genome evolution.Comment: 16 page

ADC Histograms from Routine DWI for Longitudinal Studies in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Field Study in CADASIL.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) histogram metrics are correlated with clinical parameters in cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVD). Whether ADC histogram parameters derived from simple diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can provide relevant markers for long term studies of cSVD remains unknown. CADASIL patients were evaluated by DWI and DTI in a large cohort study overa6-year period. ADC histogram parameters were compared to those derived from mean diffusivity (MD) histograms in 280 patients using intra-class correlation and Bland-Altman plots. Impact of image corrections applied to ADC maps was assessed and a mixed effect model was used for analyzing the effects of scanner upgrades. The results showed that ADC histogram parameters are strongly correlated to MD histogram parameters and that image corrections have only limited influence on these results. Unexpectedly, scanner upgrades were found to have major effects on diffusion measures with DWI or DTI that can be even larger than those related to patients' characteristics. These data support that ADC histograms from daily used DWI can provide relevant parameters for assessing cSVD, but the variability related to scanner upgrades as regularly performed in clinical centers should be determined precisely for longitudinal and multicentric studies using diffusion MRI in cSVD

Effect of formant frequency spacing on perceived gender in pre-pubertal children's voices

<div><p>Background</p><p>It is usually possible to identify the sex of a pre-pubertal child from their voice, despite the absence of sex differences in fundamental frequency at these ages. While it has been suggested that the overall spacing between formants (formant frequency spacing - ΔF) is a key component of the expression and perception of sex in children's voices, the effect of its continuous variation on sex and gender attribution has not yet been investigated.</p><p>Methodology/Principal findings</p><p>In the present study we manipulated voice ΔF of eight year olds (two boys and two girls) along continua covering the observed variation of this parameter in pre-pubertal voices, and assessed the effect of this variation on adult ratings of speakers' sex and gender in two separate experiments. In the first experiment (sex identification) adults were asked to categorise the voice as either male or female. The resulting identification function exhibited a gradual slope from male to female voice categories. In the second experiment (gender rating), adults rated the voices on a continuum from “masculine boy” to “feminine girl”, gradually decreasing their masculinity ratings as ΔF increased.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>These results indicate that the role of ΔF in voice gender perception, which has been reported in adult voices, extends to pre-pubertal children's voices: variation in ΔF not only affects the perceived sex, but also the perceived masculinity or femininity of the speaker. We discuss the implications of these observations for the expression and perception of gender in children's voices given the absence of anatomical dimorphism in overall vocal tract length before puberty.</p></div