Analysis of Quality in Public and Private Universities in Bangladesh and USA

To meet the growing need for increased capacity in higher education, the government of Bangladesh encouraged development of private universities in 1992.  Currently, there are sixty private universities1, thirty-four public universities2 and  three international universities in Bangladesh3.  Although the increased number of universities has provided opportunities, a debate has emerged over the quality at these institutions due to significant difference among these institutions.  These inconsistencies in quality may be due to the lack of regulatory oversight and inefficiencies of the regulatory agencies of the government.  The cost of education at private universities is high compared to significantly lower cost at public universities that are subsidized by the government.  In spite of the higher cost, student satisfaction levels have not been higher at private universities in the past4.  The work presented in this paper seeks to determine the quality of education in public and private universities in Bangladesh using student satisfaction as a measure of quality.  It is well understood that student satisfaction measure may not be the only indicator of quality, but it can be considered as one of the important indicators.   The survey questions were modified to adapt them to the context of Bangladesh.   The twenty-two question survey results from private and public university students of Bangladesh were compared to determine the level of student satisfaction.  The results of the current study were compared with the SSI data of US private and public universities.  Results of the current study  showed that the students in public universities of Bangladesh had lowest level of satisfaction and the private universities of Bangladesh had highest satisfaction The results derived from this data can be used by both public and private universities for improving quality in higher education.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v3i2.288

Student Satisfaction in Private and Public Universities in Bangladesh

To compare and contrast the quality of higher education in public and private universities of Bangladesh, a study was conducted, to evaluate student satisfaction in these institutions. The study used a modified Noel-Levitz student satisfaction survey, consisting of twenty two questions which measured student satisfaction levels in four different areas: faculty, curriculum, resources, and campus environment. The survey also measured the students’ overall level of satisfaction with the institution. Data collected from different private and public universities showed overall satisfaction level to be higher among private university students than public university students.  The data also indicated that students from private universities are more satisfied than those of public universities. Finally, comparison of data from male and female students showed higher level of satisfaction among female students.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v2i2.206

Student Motivation and Learning Strategies of Students from USA, China and Bangladesh

To better understand the motivation and strategies used by students around the world, a comparative study among three different countries was performed.The current study used the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) questionnaire to collect responses from students in public and private universities of Bangladesh.The results were also used to compare the differences between public and private universities of Bangladesh, as there is a national debate on the quality of these two types of universities in Bangladesh.The number of students that participated in this study was 164 with 143 from private universities and 21 from public universities. The number of lower responses from public universities may be an indicator of their lack of motivation to participate in this study. MSLQ questionnaires have been used and adapted by universities across the world as a valid instrument to measure the level of motivation and the learning process.The survey consists of 18 questions to evaluate motivation and learning strategies. The results of the responses from Bangladesh were compared with a previous study between students of USA and China [9].There was no significant difference between public and private universities in Bangladesh in most of the categories.However, some differences were observed among these three countries indicating that students from different geographical regions may have different levels of motivation and learn differently.DOI: http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v3i4.628

Preliminary Assessment of Turbomachinery Codes

This report assesses different CFD codes developed and currently being used at Glenn Research Center to predict turbomachinery fluid flow and heat transfer behavior. This report will consider the following codes: APNASA, TURBO, GlennHT, H3D, and SWIFT. Each code will be described separately in the following section with their current modeling capabilities, level of validation, pre/post processing, and future development and validation requirements. This report addresses only previously published and validations of the codes. However, the codes have been further developed to extend the capabilities of the codes

Validity of the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics of the Universe Bounded by the Event Horizon in Brane Scenario

In this paper, we examine the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) of the universe bounded by the event horizon in brane-world gravity. Here we consider homogeneous and isotropic model of the universe filled with perfect fluid in one case and in another case holographic dark energy model of the universe has been considered. The conclusions are presented point wise.Comment: 8 pages, the paper has been accepted in EPJC for publication. Conclusion has been modified an some references have been adde

Coherent Flow Structures over Scour Marks Generated by Obstacles of Different Shapes

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

Fostering Passion Among First Year Engineering Students

Engineering is a complex field of study.  Declining enrollment in engineering programs in the United States is of concern and understanding the various factors that contribute to this decline is in order.   Fostering a higher level of student engagement with the content may foster passion towards engineering which could increase academic competency as well as sustained interest in remaining in the profession.  This study examined the role of passion toward engineering content on students’ overall academic performance in an introductory course taught to university and high school students.  A pre-test, post-test, weekly surveys and periodic classroom observation measured levels of passion in the student, classmates, and professor. Mid-semester feedback prompted the professor to adjust his teaching for the purpose of infusing greater student passion towards the content. Results suggest that student passion in both settings fluctuated widely from week to week perhaps due to variable interest in the specific topic.  Overall, high school students’ level of passion remained more stable than that of university students and they performed better academically. Among university students, higher passion was not linked to higher academic performance.  Professor’s passion was highly valued by students though it did not increase their own passion.

Improvement Of Confidence And Motivation Using Online Metacognition Tool

The use of technology such as laptop computers in the classroom has long been recognized as destructive behavior since it diverts a student’s attention from course topics. However, it is conceivable that every student will be using some form of technology in the near future. Determining the effects of interactive software on students’ learning outcomes can have a profound effect on engineering education. The ultimate aim of this research is to transform students into active learners who are able to better comprehend, are less distracted, and can achieve higher academic performance. In this study, first year engineering students used online metacognition software while interactively participating in the classroom. Both qualitative and quantitative methods using the pre- and post-test experimental designs as well as a debriefing questionnaire were utilized. The academic achievement of students’ through the integration of interactive technology was the output variable, while the input variables were divided into four categories: students’ understanding of the concepts, confidence level, apprehension level, and motivation. In addition, this study also examined the amount of class participation to measure students’ communication apprehension and its correlation to academic performance. In order to improve students' learning outcomes using metacognitive strategies, it was discovered that the use of interactive technology followed by group discussions and class assignments greatly enhanced students' comprehension of scientific facts and their ability to explain them. In addition, the current study showed that engineering students' communication apprehension was also reduced resulting in improvement in confidence and motivation towards academic success.

Bimetallic Cooperativity in Proton Reduction with an Amido‐Bridged Cobalt Catalyst

The bimetallic catalyst [CoII2(L1)(bpy)2]ClO4 (1), in which L1 is an [NN′2O2] fused ligand, efficiently reduced H+ to H2 in CH3CN in the presence of 100 equiv of HOAc with a turnover number of 18 and a Faradaic efficiency of 94 % after 3 h of bulk electrolysis at −1.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). This observation allowed the proposal that this bimetallic cooperativity is associated with distance, angle, and orbital alignment of the two Co centers, as promoted by the unique Co−Namido−Co environment offered by L1. Experimental results revealed that the parent [CoIICoII] complex undergoes two successive metal‐based 1 e− reductions to generate the catalytically active species [CoICoI], and DFT calculations suggested that addition of a proton to one CoI triggers a cooperative 1 e− transfer by each of these CoI centers. This 2 e− transfer is an alternative route to generate a more reactive [CoII(CoII−H−)] hydride, thus avoiding the CoIII−H− required in monometallic species. This [CoII(CoII−H−)] species then accepts another H+ to release H2

Femtosecond laser machining of multi-depth microchannel networks onto silicon

Direct writing of multi-depth microchannel branching networks into a silicon wafer with femtosecond pulses at 200 kHz is reported. The silicon wafer with the microchannels is used as the mold for rapid prototyping of microchannels on polydimethylsiloxane. The branching network is designed to serve as a gas exchanger for use in artificial lungs and bifurcates according to Murray's law. In the development of such micro-fluidic structures, processing speed, machining range with quality surface, and precision are significant considerations. The scan speed is found to be a key parameter to reduce the processing time, to expand the machining range, and to improve the surface quality. By fabricating a multi-depth branching network as an example, the utilization of femtosecond pulses in the development of microfluidic devices is demonstrated.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90801/1/0960-1317_21_4_045027.pd