Rapid discharges in a model Veterans Hospital

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Extended black hole cosmologies in de Sitter space

We generalize the superposition principle for time-symmetric initial data of black hole spacetimes to (anti-)de Sitter cosmologies in terms of an eigenvalue problem $\Delta_g\phi={1/8}(R_g-2\Lambda)\phi$ for a conformal scale $\phi$ applied to a metric $g_{ij}$ with constant three-curvature $R_g$. Here, $R_g=0,2$ in the Brill-Lindquist and, respectively, Misner construction of multihole solutions for $\Lambda=0$. For de Sitter and anti-de Sitter cosmologies, we express the result for $R_g=0$ in incomplete elliptic functions. The topology of a black hole in de Sitter space can be extended into an infinite tower of universes, across the turning points at the black hole and cosmological event horizons. Superposition introduces binary black holes for small separations and binary universes for separations large relative to the cosmological event horizon. The evolution of the metric can be described by a hyperbolic system of equations with curvature-driven lapse function, of alternating sign at successive cosmologies. The computational problem of interacting black hole-universes is conceivably of interest to early cosmology when $\Lambda$ was large and black holes were of mass $<{1/3}\Lambda^{-1/2}$, here facilitated by a metric which is singularity-free and smooth everywhere on real coordinate space.Comment: to appear in Class. Quant. Gra

Vistas in numerical relativity

Upcoming gravitational wave-experiments promise a window for discovering new physics in astronomy. Detection sensitivity of the broadband laser interferometric detectors LIGO/VIRGO may be enhanced by matched filtering with accurate wave-form templates. Where analytic methods break down, we have to resort to numerical relativity, often in Hamiltonian or various hyperbolic formulations. Well-posed numerical relativity requires consistency with the elliptic constraints of energy and momentum conservation. We explore this using a choice of gauge in the future and a dynamical gauge in the past. Applied to a polarized Gowdy wave, this enables solving {\em all} ten vacuum Einstein equations. Evolution of the Schwarzschild metric in 3+1 and, more generally, sufficient conditions for well-posed numerical relativity continue to be open challenges.Comment: invited talk, Asian Pacific CTP Winter School on black hole astrophysics, Pohang, Kore

The Protein Precursors of Peptides That Affect the Mechanics of Connective Tissue and/or Muscle in the Echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus

PMCID: PMC3432112This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited