913 research outputs found
Flavour components of some processed. fish and fishery products of Japan
A study was conducted to examine the flavour components of some processed fish and
fishery products of Japan by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In brief
the method was to absorb the headspace volatiles at 70°C into the fused silica fibre of
needle of the solid phase micro extraction fibre. The absorbed components were injected
to the GC-MS. The components were identified by computer matching with library
database as well as by authentic standard components. In general the number of flavour
components were higher in the processed fish and fishery products (except frozen prawn)
than that of the raw fish and prawn. The concentration (quantity) of the f1avour
components in processed fish and fishery products was much higher than that of the raw
fish and prawn. Smoked salmon and baked salmon possessed double number of flavour
components than that of the raw salmon. Smoking resulted the highest number of
flavour components followed by baking (grilling) and canning, surimi products
(kamaboko and chikuwa), drying and lastly salting. However, freezing and frozen storage
resulted loss of flavour components in prawn
Dielectric responses of the layered cobalt oxysulfide Sr_2Cu_2CoO_2S_2 with CoO_2 square-planes
We have studied the dielectric responses of the layered cobalt oxysulfide
SrCuCoOS with the CoO square-planes. With decreasing
temperature below the N\'eel temperature, the resistivity increases like a
semiconductor, and the thermopower decreases like a metal. The dielectric
constant is highly dependent on temperature, and the dielectric relaxation is
systematically changed with temperature, which is strongly correlated to the
magnetic states. These behaviors suggest that carriers distributed
homogeneously in the paramagnetic state at high temperatures are expelled from
the antiferromagnetically ordered spin domain below the N\'eel temperature.Comment: 3 pages, 4 eps figures, to be published in J. Appl. Phy
Magnetic and Transport Properties in (=00.4)
Magnetic and transport properties of () system have been investigated. A broad maximum in M(T) curve,
indicative of low-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering originated from
layers, is observed in Ca-free sample. With increasing Ca
doping level up to 0.2, the M(T) curve remains almost unchanged, while
resistivity is reduced by three orders. Higher Ca doping level leads to a
drastic change of magnetic properties. In comparison with the samples with
, the temperature corresponding to the maximum of M(T) is much
lowered for the sample =0.3. The sample =0.4 shows a small kink instead
of a broad maximum and a weak ferromagnetic feature. The electrical transport
behavior is found to be closely related to magnetic properties for the sample
=0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4. It suggests that layers are involved
in charge transport in addition to conducting planes to interpret the
correlation between magnetism and charge transport. X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy studies give an additional evidence of the the transfer of the
holes into the charge reservoir
Analysis of interdiffusion between SmFeAsO0.92F0.08 and metals for ex situ fabrication of superconducting wire
We demonstrate the fabrication of superconducting SmFeAsO1-xFx (Sm-1111)
wires by using the ex-situ powder-in-tube technique. Sm-1111 powder and a
binder composed of SmF3, samarium arsenide, and iron arsenide were used to
synthesize the superconducting core. Although the F content of Sm-1111 is
reduced in the process of ex-situ fabrication, the binder compensates by
sufficiently supplementing the F content, thereby preventing a decrease in the
superconducting transition temperature and a shrinking of the superconducting
volume fraction. Thus, in the superconducting Sm-1111 wire with the binder, the
transport critical current density reaches the highest value of ~4000 A/cm2 at
4.2 K
Estimation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral load harbored by lymphocyte subpopulations in BLV-infected cattle at the subclinical stage of enzootic bovine leucosis using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR
Background: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is associated with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infection may remain clinically silent at the aleukemic (AL) stage, cause persistent lymphocytosis (PL), or, more rarely, B cell lymphoma. BLV has been identified in B cells, CD2+ T cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, γ/δ T cells, monocytes, and granulocytes in infected cattle that do not have tumors, although the most consistently infected cell is the CD5+ B cell. The mechanism by which BLV causes uncontrolled CD5+ B cell proliferation is unknown. Recently, we developed a new quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR, which enabled us to demonstrate that the proviral load correlates not only with BLV infection, as assessed by syncytium formation, but also with BLV disease progression. The present study reports the distribution of BLV provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subpopulations isolated from BLV-infected cows at the subclinical stage of EBL as examined by cell sorting and BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR.Results: Phenotypic characterization of five BLV-infected but clinically normal cattle with a proviral load of > 100 copies per 1 × 105 cells identified a high percentage of CD5+ IgM+ cells (but not CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, or CD8+T cells). These lymphocyte subpopulations were purified from three out of five cattle by cell sorting or using magnetic beads, and the BLV proviral load was estimated using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR. The CD5+ IgM+ B cell population in all animals harbored a higher BLV proviral load than the other cell populations. The copy number of proviruses infecting CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T cells (per 1 ml of blood) was 1/34 to 1/4, 1/22 to 1/3, and 1/31 to 1/3, respectively, compared with that in CD5+ IgM+ B cells. Moreover, the BLV provirus remained integrated into the genomic DNA of CD5+ IgM+ B cells, CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells, even in BLV-infected cattle with a proviral load of <100 copies per 105 cells.Conclusions: The results of the recent study showed that, although CD5+ IgM+ B cells were the main cell type targeted in BLV-infected but clinically normal cattle, CD5- IgM+ B cells, CD4+ cells, and CD8+ T cells were infected to a greater extent than previously thought.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria
Modern Contraceptive and Dual Method Use among HIV-Infected Women in Lusaka, Zambia
HIV-infected women
in sub-Saharan Africa are at substantial risk of
unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted
infections (STIs). Linkages between HIV and
reproductive health services are advocated. We
describe implementation of a reproductive health
counseling intervention in 16 HIV clinics in
Lusaka, Zambia. Between November 2009 and
November 2010, 18,407 women on antiretroviral
treatment (ART) were counseled. The median age
was 34.6 years (interquartile range (IQR):
29.9–39.7), and 60.1% of women were
married. The median CD4+ cell count
was 394 cells/uL (IQR: 256–558). Of
the women counseled, 10,904 (59.2%) reported
current modern contraceptive use. Among
contraceptive users, only 17.7% reported
dual method use. After counseling, 737 of 7,503
women not previously using modern contraception
desired family planning referrals, and 61.6%
of these women successfully accessed services
within 90 days. Unmet contraceptive need remains
high among HIV-infected women. Additional
efforts are needed to promote reproductive
health, particularly dual method
use
Defining Developmental Potency and Cell Lineage Trajectories by Expression Profiling of Differentiating Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Biologists rely on morphology, function and specific markers to define the differentiation status of cells. Transcript profiling has expanded the repertoire of these markers by providing the snapshot of cellular status that reflects the activity of all genes. However, such data have been used only to assess relative similarities and differences of these cells. Here we show that principal component analysis of global gene expression profiles map cells in multidimensional transcript profile space and the positions of differentiating cells progress in a stepwise manner along trajectories starting from undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells located in the apex. We present three ‘cell lineage trajectories’, which represent the differentiation of ES cells into the first three lineages in mammalian development: primitive endoderm, trophoblast and primitive ectoderm/neural ectoderm. The positions of the cells along these trajectories seem to reflect the developmental potency of cells and can be used as a scale for the potential of cells. Indeed, we show that embryonic germ cells and induced pluripotent cells are mapped near the origin of the trajectories, whereas mouse embryo fibroblast and fibroblast cell lines are mapped near the far end of the trajectories. We suggest that this method can be used as the non-operational semi-quantitative definition of cell differentiation status and developmental potency. Furthermore, the global expression profiles of cell lineages provide a framework for the future study of in vitro and in vivo cell differentiation
Electronic structure of NiS_{1-x}Se_x
We investigate the electronic structure of the metallic NiSSe
system using various electron spectroscopic techniques. The band structure
results do not describe the details of the spectral features in the
experimental spectrum, even for this paramagnetic metallic phase. However, a
parameterized many-body multi-band model is found to be successful in
describing the Ni~2 core level and valence band, within the same model. The
asymmetric line shape as well as the weak intensity feature in the Ni~2 core
level spectrum has been ascribed to extrinsic loss processes in the system. The
presence of satellite features in the valence band spectrum shows the existence
of the lower Hubbard band, deep inside the metallic regime, consistent
with the predictions of the dynamical mean field theory.Comment: To be published in Physical Review B, 18 pages and 5 figure
Modulation of intracellular ROS levels by TIGAR controls autophagy
The p53-inducible TIGAR protein functions as a fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase, promoting the pentose phosphate pathway and helping to lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS functions in the regulation of many cellular responses, including autophagy—a response to stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and metabolic stress. In this study, we show that TIGAR can modulate ROS in response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress, and functions to inhibit autophagy. The ability of TIGAR to limit autophagy correlates strongly with the suppression of ROS, with no clear effects on the mTOR pathway, and is p53 independent. The induction of autophagy in response to loss of TIGAR can function to moderate apoptotic response by restraining ROS levels. These results reveal a complex interplay in the regulation of ROS, autophagy and apoptosis in response to TIGAR expression, and shows that proteins similar to TIGAR that regulate glycolysis can have a profound effect on the autophagic response through ROS regulation
CANGAROO-III Observation of TeV Gamma Rays from the vicinity of PSR B1 706-44
Observation by the CANGAROO-III stereoscopic system of the Imaging Cherenkov
Telescope has detected extended emission of TeV gamma rays in the vicinity of
the pulsar PSR B170644. The strength of the signal observed as
gamma-ray-like events varies when we apply different ways of emulating
background events. The reason for such uncertainties is argued in relevance to
gamma-rays embedded in the "off-source data", that is, unknown sources and
diffuse emission in the Galactic plane, namely, the existence of a complex
structure of TeV gamma-ray emission around PSR B170644.Comment: 10 pages, 13 figures, to be published in Ap
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