Diets containing sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus) meals are hypocholesterolemic in young rats

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Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits

Evidence suggests that a diet high in fruits and vegetables may decrease the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, and phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids and carotenoids from fruits and vegetables may play a key role in reducing chronic disease risk. Apples are a widely consumed, rich source of phytochemicals, and epidemiological studies have linked the consumption of apples with reduced risk of some cancers, cardiovascular disease, asthma, and diabetes. In the laboratory, apples have been found to have very strong antioxidant activity, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease lipid oxidation, and lower cholesterol. Apples contain a variety of phytochemicals, including quercetin, catechin, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, all of which are strong antioxidants. The phytochemical composition of apples varies greatly between different varieties of apples, and there are also small changes in phytochemicals during the maturation and ripening of the fruit. Storage has little to no effect on apple phytochemicals, but processing can greatly affect apple phytochemicals. While extensive research exists, a literature review of the health benefits of apples and their phytochemicals has not been compiled to summarize this work. The purpose of this paper is to review the most recent literature regarding the health benefits of apples and their phytochemicals, phytochemical bioavailability and antioxidant behavior, and the effects of variety, ripening, storage and processing on apple phytochemicals

Primenenie polnoporcionnykh silosov s soderzhaniem svjokly i mocheviny v kormlenii zhvachnykh

The aim of the experiments was the evaluation of the physiological and productive effects of the application of full diet silages in the nutrition of heifers, bulls, milk cows and sheep. These silages contained sugar beet or half-sugar beet (50% d.m.) urea (20 - 60% N in total N ) , fiber foods, mineral additions and conservants. The average content of d.m. in silages was 21 - 26%, crude protein and crude fiber was 13 - 16% and 12 - 16% respectively and the concentration of the metabolic energy (ME) was 9.4 - 10.6 MDME per kilogram d.m.. The application of these silages alloued to eliminate the concentrates from the diet for heifers, bulls and sheep. Feeding ad libitum gave the body gain 0.8 - 1.0 kg per day in the case of the bulls. In the case of heifers good health and fertility uas obtained. Cous fed with these silages gave about 12 l of milk per day. These effects were due to good mutual cooperation of the energetic and nitrogen metabolism in the rumen of the animals fed with the diet containing beet and urea.Целвю проведенных экспериментов была оценка физиологически-продуктивных эффектов, вытекающих из применения полнорационных силосов в кормлении яловок, рогатого скота, молочных коров, а также овец. Полнорационные силосы готовились с уделом сахарной или полусахарной свёклы (50% сухой массы), мочевины (20 - 60% N в N общем), корм волокнистых, минеральных и консервирующих веществ. Среднее содержание сухой массы в силосах составляло 21 - 26%, общего белка и сырого волокна соответственно 13 - 16 и 12 - 16%, концентрация метаболической энергии (МЕ) 9,4 - 10,6 MJ МЕ/кг сухой массы. Применение этих силосов позволило полностью исключить кормовые смеси из кормовых доз предназначенных для рогатого скота, яловок и овец. Скармливание этих силосов "ad libitum'' разрешило увеличить прирост живой массы в границах 0,8 - 1,0 кг/сутки у рогатого скота. У яловок обеспе-чает значительную здоровость и плодовитость, а в кормлении молочных коров обеспечивает потребности необходимые для получения около 12 л молока/сутки. Достигнутие эффекты вытекают из полезного взаимодействия энерго и азотного обмена в рубце животных, кормленных полнорационными дозами силосов с содержанием свёклы и мочевины

Wpływ różnych faz dojrzałości owocu durianu Durio zibethinus na zawartość cynku w wątrobie szczurów obciążonych cholesterolem

The effect of different ripening stages of durian Durio zibethinus fruit on zinc content in liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian Durio zibethinus is an exotic, climacteric fruit, rich in dietary fiber, polyphenols, saccharides, vitamins and minerals. Postharvest changes in durian fruit influence its physical and chemical quality, which determined its health protective effect – antioxidant and hypocholesterolemic. Durian is a good source of zinc. The aim of this study was to investigate the zinc content in lyophilisate of durian fruit and in the diets supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of maturity. The in vivo experiment was designed to determine the influence of these diets on zinc content in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. The zinc content in durian fruit, in the diets, and in rats livers was examined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin-Elemer 1100B). The zinc content in durian fruits ranged from 8.1 to 12.3 mg/kg. The zinc content amounted 45.0, 44.2, 47.1, 47.3 and 48.0 mg/kg in C, ch, chDM, ch DR and chDOR diet, respectively. The content of zinc in the liver in all animal groups was within the normal limits and amounted from 25.0 to 33.0 mg/kg fresh weight. Diet supplemented with durian fruits at different stages of ripening increases accumulation of zinc in the liver of rats loaded with cholesterol. Durian fruits, especially ripe ones, could be used as a natural supplementation of zinc in the diet and might be helpful in prevention of diseases or disorders related to zinc deficiency.Wpływ różnych faz dojrzałości owocu durianu Durio zibethinus na zawartość cynku w wątrobie szczurów obciążonych cholesterolem. Durian Durio zibethinus to egzotyczny, klimakteryczny owoc, bogaty we włókno pokarmowe, polifenole, oligosacharydy, witaminy i minerały. Zmiany następujące po zbiorze owoców durianu wpływają na ich fizyczne i chemiczne parametry determinujące ich właściwości zdrowotne – przeciwutleniające i hypocholesterolemiczne. Durian jest cennym źródłem cynku. Celem badania było określenie zawartości cynku w owocach durianu, w dietach z dodatkiem durianu w różnych fazach jego dojrzałości. Badanie in vivo miało na celu określenie wpływu tych diet na zawartość cynku w wątrobie szczurów obciążonych cholesterolem. Zawartość cynku w owocach durianu, w dietach i wątrobach oznaczono metodą płomieniowej absorpcji atomowej (Perkin-Elmer 1100B). Zawartość cynku w liofilizacie owoców durianu mieściła się w zakresie 8,1–12,3 mg/kg. Zawartość cynku w dietach: C, ch, chDM, ch DR and chDOR wynosiła odpowiednio 45,0, 44,2, 47,1, 47,3 i 48,0 mg/kg. W wątrobie szczurów wszystkich grup zawartość cynku mieściła się w zakresie wartości referencyjnych i wynosiła od 25,0 do 33,0 mg/kg świeżej masy. Diety z dodatkiem owoców durianu w różnej fazie dojrzałości zwiększają akumulację cynku w wątrobie szczurów obciążonych cholesterolem. Owoce durianu, w szczególności dojrzałe, mogą być stosowane jako naturalny suplement cynku w diecie i być pomocne w prewencji chorób lub stanach związanych z niedoborem cynku