Pengiraan Persentil Taburan Panjang Larian bagi Carta Kawalan Purata Bergerak Berpemberat Eksponen Multivariat

Prabhu dan Runger (1997) telah mengemukakan cadangan dalam pemilihan parameter-parameter untuk skema carta kawalan purata bergerak berpemberat eksponen multivariat (MEWMA). Walau bagaimanapun, cadangan tersebut hanya berdasarkan prestasi panjang larian purata (average run length - ARL). Oleh itu, dalam makalah ini, kami akan mengira nilai-nilai persentil untuk taburan panjang larian bagi pelbagai skema carta kawalan MEWMA yang dikemukakan oleh Prabhu dan Runger (1997). Persentil-persentil yang dikira akan membekalkan maklumat tambahan seperti kekerapan isyarat luar kawalan palsu yang awal (early false out of control signals), panjang larian median (median run length - MRL) dan kepencongan taburan panjang larian untuk sesuatu skema tertentu. Maklumat-maklumat tambahan ini mungkin berguna dalam membekalkan jurutera kawalan mutu pengetahuan mendalam dan lengkap tentang sesuatu skema carta kawalan MEWMA yang dipilih berdasarkan cadangan Prabhu dan Runger (1997)

Respiratory distress in a newborn

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Prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression in end stage renal disease (ESRD). A comparison between ESRD patients with and without coexisting diabetes mellitus

Objective: To compare anxiety and/or depressive symptoms between patients with end-stage renal disease with and without comorbid diabetes and identify factors associated with symptoms of distress in this population. Methods: Data from two studies (conducted between 2010 and 2014) were pooled. A total of 526 patients on hemodialysis (68.8% with diabetes) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Elevated symptoms were defined as HADS-Anxiety or HADS-Depression ≥ 8. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between diabetic status, and other socio-demographic and clinical factors with baseline clinical anxiety and depression. Results: A total of 233 (45.4%) reported elevated anxiety symptoms and 256 (49.9%) reported elevated depressive symptoms sufficient for caseness. Rates were not different between patients with and without diabetes. Risk for clinical depression was higher in patients who were single/unpartnered (OR = 1.828), Chinese vs. Malay (OR = 2.05), or had lower albumin levels (OR = 0.932). None of the parameters were associated with anxiety caseness. Conclusion: Sociocultural factors rather than comorbid burden may help identify patients at risk for depression. The high rates of anxiety and depression underlie the importance for monitoring and intervention in dialysis care

Authors' reply

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Seasonal variation in breast cancer diagnosis in Singapore

This study investigates seasonality in the diagnosis of 3219 female breast carcinoma cases reported between 1995–8 in Singapore. There is little evidence of marked seasonal variation. Angular regression suggested that observed differences in peak diagnosis with respect to menopausal status, tumour size, ER and PR status may be chance. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

A Study On The Performances Of Mewma And Mcusum Charts For Skewed Distributions.

A multivariate chart, instead of separate univariate charts is used for a joint monitoring of several correlated variables

Heated Motorized Stage for Nanoscale Thin Film Deposition

ME450 Capstone Design and Manufacturing Experience: Fall 2015Thin film deposition is a technology of applying a very thin film of material onto a substrate surface to be coated, or onto a previously deposited coating to form layers. As a modified Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) method, Spatial ALD greatly improves the efficiency of the process by separating the half-reactions spatially instead of through the use of purge steps in convectional ALD. This paper proposes the use of heated motorized stage as a research prototype to further study the effect of deposition conditions such as gap size, gap alignment and substrate temperature on the SALD coating results. This strategy utilized three stepper motors and high precision non-contact gap sensors to control gap alignment and gap size between the substrate and the depositor. The details of the involved methodology, engineering analysis, validation of the final design and the design critiques are discussed in this paper.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117338/1/ME450-F15-Project19-FinalReport.pd

HER2 overexpression of breast cancers in Hong Kong: Prevalence and concordance between immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridisation assays

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene overexpression in breast cancer patients encountered in Hong Kong and the concordance of HER2 findings from primary immunohistochemistry assays and confirmatory in-situ hybridisation assays. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Department of Clinical Oncology in a public hospital in Hong Kong. Patients: All patient referrals between July 2006 and June 2007 with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer (for prevalence evaluation), and all patients treated at our unit with confirmatory in-situ hybridisation tests performed within the study period (for concordance evaluation). Results: There were 272 consecutive breast cancer patients eligible for prevalence evaluation. The distribution for immunohistochemistry staining in 249 cases for scores 0, 1+, 2+, and 3+ were 99 (40%), 40 (16%), 58 (23%), and 52 (21%) respectively. In the remaining 23 patients, four and 19 breast cancers were unscored and reported by immunohistochemistry to be HER2-positive and -negative, respectively. The overall HER2 overexpression rate (3+ or reported as positive) was 21%. HER2 overexpression was associated with grade 3 histology (P<0.001) and negative hormonal receptor status (P<0.001). However, it was not associated with age (P=0.525), T-classification (P=0.740), N-classification (P=0.691), nor group stages (P=0.433). Of the 37 patients with confirmatory in-situ hybridisation tests performed, 10 (71%) of 14 with immunohistochemistry staining of 3+ and 1 (4%) of 23 with immunohistochemistry staining of 2+ were found to have HER2 gene amplification. Conclusions: More than 25% of HER2 overexpression identified by immunohistochemistry assays in this Hong Kong cohort could not be verified by confirmatory in-situ hybridisation assays. Compliance with the latest guidelines for HER2 testing should improve the future accuracy and concordance.published_or_final_versio

A review of staging chest CT in trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of pulmonary metastases on chest CT in trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma based on two size criteria, and to identify factors associated with metastases. METHODS: Retrospective review of chest CT studies in patients with trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma over an 18-month period. Data collected included patient age/sex, tumour location, size and relationship to fascia. All chest CTs were reviewed for the presence of metastases which were diagnosed according to two size criteria: multiple nodules > 5 mm in size or multiple nodules > 10 mm in size. Follow-up CT studies were reviewed in cases initially considered indeterminate. RESULTS: 127 males and 73 females were included (mean age 57.1 years; range 10–90 years). 147 (73.5%) tumours were deep to the fascia and 53 (26.5%) superficial. Tumour size classified according to the 12 AJCC 2019 criteria was: T1 = 52, T2 = 76, T3 = 39, T4 = 33. Based on nodule size >5 mm, 73 (36.5%) patients had no metastases, 42 (21%) had metastases, while 85 (42.5%) studies were indeterminate. Based on nodule size >10 mm, 73 (36.5%) patients had no metastases, 28 (14%) had metastases, while 99 (49.5%) studies were indeterminate. Larger maximum dimension of the primary tumour was a risk factor for pulmonary metastases using both size criteria. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pulmonary metastases at presentation in trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma is 14–21%. 42.5–49.5% of chest CTs were indeterminate. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: The incidence of pulmonary metastases at presentation in trunk and extremity soft tissue sarcoma is 14–21%. Indeterminate pulmonary nodules are also very common