Embryonic and larval development of striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus L 1758)

Development of the embryonic and yolk-sac larvae of striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus) was investigated. The average egg and oil globule diameters were 0.71±0.1286 mm and 0.18±0.1344 mm, respectively. The morula, gastrula, and neurula stages, somite formation, and hatching occurred 2:10, 5:15, 8:45, 9:45, and 21:15 hours after fertilization. The total length, yolk- sac volume, oil globule volume, digestive tube length, otolith diameter, head length, eye diameter, preanal and postanal lengths of newly hatched larvae were 1.74±0.03 mm, 0.12±0.008 mm3, 0.003±0.0002 mm3, 0.47±0.02 mm, 54±8 μm, 299±11 μm, 157±8 μm, 911±0.3 μm, and 827±0.03 μm. When the mouth opened 40 h after hatching, these measurements were 2.87±0.014 mm, 0.003±0.001 mm3, 0.001±0.0001 mm3, 0.61±0.015 mm, 134±8 μm, 376±10 μm, 221±13 μm, 1.02±0.03 mm, and 1.84±0.03 mm. During the first 18 hours, the larvae reached 84% of its final total length, the yolk sac was 65% absorbed, and the oil globule was 62% absorbed. Statistical analysis showed negative allometry for the relationships between total length and yolk-sac volume (r2 = 0.88) and total length and oil globule volume (r2 = 0.76), and positive allometry for the relation- ship between total length and digestive tube length (r2 = 0.89)

Activity of the Digestive Protease, Chymotrypsin, in Larvae of the Cultured Sharpsnout Sea Bream (Diplodus puntazzo)

Specific and total activity of the digestive protease, chymotrypsin, was studied in cultured sharp- snout sea bream larvae (Diplodus puntazzo) for 35 days from hatching and in a variety of pH lev- els. Activity was detected upon hatching (2.8±0.34 mm total length), before the onset of exoge- nous feeding. Specific chymotrypsin activity exponentially increased from mouth opening on day 3 until day 25, then dropped until the end of the experiment. Total chymotrypsin activity sharply increased to day 10, then continued to increase, but slightly, until the end of the experiment. As expected, pH strongly affected both specific and total chymotryptic activity in the digestive tracts of larvae. Both were significantly lower when pH was acidic (1.5, 3.0, 4.0) than when it was alka- line (8.0, 9.0, 10.0) although there were no significant differences within either the acidic or the alkaline range. Our results indicate that chymotrypsin activity is capable of digesting protein before mouth opening and may be a valuable tool for better understanding the nutritional capa- bilities of young larvae

Determination of difference between groups in multivariate analysis of variance: An application [Çok degişkenli varyans analizinde gruplar arasindaki farkin tespiti: Bir uygulama]

Objective: Although there is a healthy trend toward employment of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in the analysis of data from experiments which involve multiple dependent variables, there remains a need to demonstrate the wide variety of data analytic techniques available for post hoc analysis of statistically significant multivariate results. As a post-hoc test, using Stepdown Analysis after MANOVA was explained with application in this study, Material and Methods: In this study, the data set were used that contain 19 healthy (control group) pregnant, 21 pre-eclamptic pregnant and 11 eclamptic pregnant, who submitted to Obstetric and Gynecologist Department of Research Hospital of Y. Y. University Medical School between 2004-2005 years. Urinary protein, systolic blood pressure, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine amino transferase, aspartat transaminase, malonyl dialdehyde and platelets measurements were measured from pregnants. Results: It showed that urinary protein, systolic blood pressure and LDH were affected on groups' differences according to results of Stepdown analysis. Conclusion: Stepdown analysis, a test for the incremental discriminatory power of a dependent variable after the effects of other dependent variables has been taken into account. This analysis is similar to stepwise regression or discriminant analysis in that it relies on a specific order of entry to determine how much an additional dependent variable adds to the explanation of the differences between the groups in the MANOVA analysis. Because of this properties, Stepdown analysis is a suitable post-hoc tes for MANOVA. Copyright © 2007 by Türkiye Klinikleri

Analysis of the spatial layer discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution and its application to rate model for H.264/SVC encoder

Knowledge of the discrete cosine transform coefficient distribution (DCT-DIST) is important for the encoder design. For example, rate control relies on this knowledge to estimate a possible bit rate and then decide proper coding parameters before the actual encoding task is performed. Therefore the rate control performance is fairly dependent on how accurately the DCT-DIST is modelled. The spatial enhancement layer (SL) DCT-DIST for H.264 scalable video coding (SVC) is studied in this Letter. SL DCT-DIST knowledge is furthermore used to derive a novel rate model. Our results can help design a proper rate control module for the H.264/SVC encoder

Early Development of Cephalic Skeleton in Hatchery-Reared Gilthead Seabream, Sparus aurata

WOS: 000262450700022The development of the cephalic skeleton in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (L. 1758), larvae was examined from 1 to 41 days post-hatching during the early ontogeny tinder intensive culture conditions. At hatching, S. aurata larvae had 2.68 mm total length (TL) and were devoid of any cephalic elements. At 2.85 mm TL, the trabecular bars and the ethmoid plate appeared. Development of jaws started during the yolk-sac stage. Teeth first appeared at larval stage (7.78 mm TL) and gill filaments formed at size ranging between 8.05 and 8.9 mm TL. Finally, the dentary, maxillary and Mcckel's cartilage began to ossify at 9.20 mm TL. It is Concluded that cartilaginous elements and structures could be related with vital functions in S. aurata larvae. Also, onset time of skull was found different although same developmental pattern of skull has been described for most Sparidae species to date.The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey [VHAG 2111]This study was supported by The Scientific & Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Project No: VHAG 2111. The authors thank the staff of Teknomar Sea Fish Broodstock Centre where the experiments were conducted (Akuvatur Marine Product Inc., Izmir, Turkey) for their excellent technical assistance

The First Data on the Saddleback Syndrome in Cultured Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) by MIP-MPR Method

WOS: 00026980000005