1,116 research outputs found
Model-based Aeroservoelastic Design and Load Alleviation of Large Wind Turbine Blades
This paper presents an aeroservoelastic modeling approach for dynamic load alleviation
in large wind turbines with trailing-edge aerodynamic surfaces. The tower, potentially on a
moving base, and the rotating blades are modeled using geometrically non-linear composite
beams, which are linearized around reference conditions with arbitrarily-large structural
displacements. Time-domain aerodynamics are given by a linearized 3-D unsteady vortexlattice
method and the resulting dynamic aeroelastic model is written in a state-space
formulation suitable for model reductions and control synthesis. A linear model of a single
blade is used to design a Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian regulator on its root-bending moments,
which is finally shown to provide load reductions of about 20% in closed-loop on the full
wind turbine non-linear aeroelastic model
Electronic spin drift in graphene field effect transistors
We studied the drift of electron spins under an applied DC electric field in
single layer graphene spin valves in a field effect transport geometry at room
temperature. In the metallic conduction regime (
m), for DC fields of about 70 kV/m applied between the spin
injector and spin detector, the spin valve signals are increased/decreased,
depending on the direction of the DC field and the carrier type, by as much as
50%. Sign reversal of the drift effect is observed when switching from
hole to electron conduction. In the vicinity of the Dirac neutrality point the
drift effect is strongly suppressed. The experiments are in quantitative
agreement with a drift-diffusion model of spin transport.Comment: 4 figure
Controlling the efficiency of spin injection into graphene by carrier drift
Electrical spin injection from ferromagnetic metals into graphene is hindered
by the impedance mismatch between the two materials. This problem can be
reduced by the introduction of a thin tunnel barrier at the interface. We
present room temperature non-local spin valve measurements in
cobalt/aluminum-oxide/graphene structures with an injection efficiency as high
as 25%, where electrical contact is achieved through relatively transparent
pinholes in the oxide. This value is further enhanced to 43% by applying a DC
current bias on the injector electrodes, that causes carrier drift away from
the contact. A reverse bias reduces the AC spin valve signal to zero or
negative values. We introduce a model that quantitatively predicts the behavior
of the spin accumulation in the graphene under such circumstances, showing a
good agreement with our measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 3 color figure
Setting positive end-expiratory pressure:The use of esophageal pressure measurements
Purpose of reviewTo summarize the key concepts, physiological rationale and clinical evidence for titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using transpulmonary pressure (PL) derived from esophageal manometry, and describe considerations to facilitate bedside implementation.Recent findingsThe goal of an esophageal pressure-based PEEP setting is to have sufficient PLat end-expiration to keep (part of) the lung open at the end of expiration. Although randomized studies (EPVent-1 and EPVent-2) have not yet proven a clinical benefit of this approach, a recent posthoc analysis of EPVent-2 revealed a potential benefit in patients with lower APACHE II score and when PEEP setting resulted in end-expiratory PLvalues close to 0 ± 2 cmH2O instead of higher or more negative values. Technological advances have made esophageal pressure monitoring easier to implement at the bedside, but challenges regarding obtaining reliable measurements should be acknowledged.SummaryEsophageal pressure monitoring has the potential to individualize the PEEP settings. Future studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of such approach.</p
Setting positive end-expiratory pressure:The use of esophageal pressure measurements
Purpose of reviewTo summarize the key concepts, physiological rationale and clinical evidence for titrating positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) using transpulmonary pressure (PL) derived from esophageal manometry, and describe considerations to facilitate bedside implementation.Recent findingsThe goal of an esophageal pressure-based PEEP setting is to have sufficient PLat end-expiration to keep (part of) the lung open at the end of expiration. Although randomized studies (EPVent-1 and EPVent-2) have not yet proven a clinical benefit of this approach, a recent posthoc analysis of EPVent-2 revealed a potential benefit in patients with lower APACHE II score and when PEEP setting resulted in end-expiratory PLvalues close to 0 ± 2 cmH2O instead of higher or more negative values. Technological advances have made esophageal pressure monitoring easier to implement at the bedside, but challenges regarding obtaining reliable measurements should be acknowledged.SummaryEsophageal pressure monitoring has the potential to individualize the PEEP settings. Future studies are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of such approach.</p
[Editorial] Molecular mechanisms of memory consolidation, reconsolidation, and persistence
In the last decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of the cellular and subcellular mechanisms underlying changes in synaptic connectivity that subserve memory formation. The so called Theory of Synaptic Plasticity and Memory has gathered a wealth of experimental support from different areas of neuroscience to become the main phenomenological description of memory at the behavioural level. This special issue of neural plasticity compiles some of the most recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying formation and persistence of different types of memories from invertebrates to humans. Contributions from different laboratories around the world pinpoint hot topics in this area of memory research, highlighting growing avenues for future research.Fil: Merlo, Emiliano. University of Cambridge; Reino Unido. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bekinschtein, Pedro Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologÃa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologÃa Celular y Neurociencia; ArgentinaFil: Sietse, Jonkman. Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Estados UnidosFil: Medina, Jorge Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de BiologÃa Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. Eduardo de Robertis". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de BiologÃa Celular y Neurociencia; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas; Argentin
Linear scaling between momentum and spin scattering in graphene
Spin transport in graphene carries the potential of a long spin diffusion
length at room temperature. However, extrinsic relaxation processes limit the
current experimental values to 1-2 um. We present Hanle spin precession
measurements in gated lateral spin valve devices in the low to high (up to
10^13 cm^-2) carrier density range of graphene. A linear scaling between the
spin diffusion length and the diffusion coefficient is observed. We measure
nearly identical spin- and charge diffusion coefficients indicating that
electron-electron interactions are relatively weak and transport is limited by
impurity potential scattering. When extrapolated to the maximum carrier
mobilities of 2x10^5 cm^2/Vs, our results predict that a considerable increase
in the spin diffusion length should be possible
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