Comparing Results of Five Glomerular Filtration Rate-Estimating Equations in the Korean General Population. MDRD Study, Revised Lund-Malmö, and Three CKD-EPI Equations

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a widely used index of kidney function. Recently, new formulas such as the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations or the Lund-Malmö equation were introduced for assessing eGFR. We compared them with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation in the Korean adult population. METHODS: The study population comprised 1,482 individuals (median age 51 [42-59] yr, 48.9% males) who received annual physical check-ups during the year 2014. Serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (CysC) were measured. We conducted a retrospective analysis using five GFR estimating equations (MDRD Study, revised Lund-Malmö, and Cr and/or CysC-based CKD-EPI equations). Reduced GFR was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m². RESULTS: For the GFR category distribution, large discrepancies were observed depending on the equation used; category G1 (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m²) ranged from 7.4-81.8%. Compared with the MDRD Study equation, the other four equations overestimated GFR, and CysC-based equations showed a greater difference (-31.3 for CKD-EPI(CysC) and -20.5 for CKD-EPI(Cr-CysC)). CysC-based equations decreased the prevalence of reduced GFR by one third (9.4% in the MDRD Study and 2.4% in CKD-EPI(CysC)). CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that there are remarkable differences in eGFR assessment in the Korean population depending on the equation used, especially in normal or mildly decreased categories. Further prospective studies are necessary in various clinical settings

Body Height Increased of New Student of Udayana University 1990 and 2000

Changes in body height have been affected by many factors among others genetic,health, hormonal, social economic, exercise, nutrition intake, etc. It was due toimportance physiology parameter to determine growth and nutrition conditioned of thepeople. Income per capita in West Countries higher than Asian includes Indonesian.Some approximates of mean the body height were done on Norwegian and USA isincreasing, up to 13 mm and 10 mm until ten years. Further, the assumption of nutritionintake is increasing for mothers and infant, unanimously increasing of Bali (Indonesian)gross domestic product until 1975 - 1980. So that body height has been increased to nextgeneration. A total of 3.917 subject on 1990, divided in to 2.340 male and 1.577 female students and 1.218 subject on 2000 divided in to 525 male and 693 female students. Theresult showed that body height has been increased for male and female 22,1 mm; 19.88mm, respectively

Microbial biocatalytic preparation of 2-furoic acid by oxidation of 2-furfuryl alcohol and 2-furanaldehyde with Nocardia corallina

The preparation of 2-furoic acid via oxidation of 2-furfuryl alcohol and 2-furanaldehyde was studied by two procedures using whole cells of Nocardia corallina B-276. We describe a comparison using a batchcultivation (3-L) versus resting cells in potassium phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0). In the 3-L bioreactor, 2-furfuryl alcohol (1.35 g/L) was biotransformed after 24 h, to the acid with 81% yield. The bioconversionof 2-furfuryl alcohol using resting cells leads to and almost quantitative yield (98%) of 2-furoic acid in 21 h. 2-furanaldehyde was also oxidized to the 2-furoic acid in 88% yield in 8 h, the ratio substrate:cellswas 1:3.5 (w/w). This method was scaled up to 9 g/L of 2-furanaldehyde

A working model of stroke recovery from rehabilitation robotics practitioners

We reviewed some of our initial insights about the process of upper-limb behavioral recovery following stroke. Evidence to date indicates that intensity, task specificity, active engagement, and focusing training on motor coordination are key factors enabling efficacious recovery. On modeling, experience with over 400 stroke patients has suggested a working model of recovery similar to implicit motor learning. Ultimately, we plan to apply these insights in the development of customized training paradigms to enhance recovery

Plant dried powders as biocatalysts: Hydrolysis of 1- phenylpropanol acetate

The hydrolytic ability of plant dried powders, lyophilized or acetone dried, was tested on the hydrolysis of racemic 1-phenylpropanol acetate. Most of the twenty powders tested showed hydrolytic activity, however the best values of conversion and enantioselectivity were reached with the lyophilized powderof nopal (27% conversion, 72% enantiomeric excess of 1-phenylpropanol) and the acetonic powders of cherry (50% conversion, 74% enantiomeric excess of 1-phenylpropanol) and red plum (27% conversion, 75% enantiomeric excess of 1-phenylpropanol)