Analisis Asam Valproat Dalam Plasma Secara Kromatografi Gas

Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant drug that works by increasing the levels ofγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Determination of valproic acid is quite difficultbecause it has no chromophore groups in its structure. Aa analytical method usinggas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector for the determination ofvalproic acid in human plasma has been developed and optimized. Valproic acid wasextracted from plasma by liquid-liquid extraction method using diethyl ether. Theoptimum analysis conditions for valproic acid in plasma were achieved by regulatedgas chromatography injector and detector at a temperature of 250oC and temperatureprogramming with an initial temperature of 70oC and 5oC temperature increasingper minute until a temperature of 100oC, then held for 1 minute. Then the temperaturewas increased by 2°C per minute until the column temperature to 150oC. Theoptimum conditions of analysis took 32 minutes. In the concentration range from40.0 to 100.0 µg/mL yielded a linear calibration curve with correlation coefficient (r)of 0.9894. Accuracy (% diff) of this method was -13.67% to 12.33% with precision(CV) between 9.33% to 14.92%, and relative recovery test was 86.33% to 112.33%

Optimasi Biotransformasi Total Sterol Limbah Tahu Menggunakan Mycobacterium Phlei Dsm 43286 Menjadi 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dion, Dengan Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Inhibitor a, a'- Dipiridil

Isolation of total sterol from waste product of soy bean cake has been conducted, followed by biotransformation to 1,4-androstadien-3,17-dione (ADD). The waste product consist of; β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, kaemfesterol, which are isolated by column chromatography technique using silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform as mobile phase. Biotransformation was conducted by using Mycobacterium phlei DSM 43286 in the present of α, α’- dipiridil as an inhibitor with concentration of 0,5; 1; 1,5; 2,0 mM. The main product of biotransformation were ADD and pregnenolon. The optimum yield of ADD 0,48% is achieved by adding 1,5 mM α, α’- dipiridil are two hours after addition of substrate and 72 hours of incubation time

An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core

Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties, but their use has been a cause for concern because they persist in the environment. Here, we show that lignin nanoparticles infused with silver ions and coated with a cationic polyelectrolyte layer form a biodegradable and green alternative to silver nanoparticles. The polyelectrolyte layer promotes the adhesion of the particles to bacterial cell membranes and, together with silver ions, can kill a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quaternary-amine-resistant Ralstonia sp. Ion depletion studies have shown that the bioactivity of these nanoparticles is time-limited because of the desorption of silver ions. High-throughput bioactivity screening did not reveal increased toxicity of the particles when compared to an equivalent mass of metallic silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate solution. Our results demonstrate that the application of green chemistry principles may allow the synthesis of nanoparticles with biodegradable cores that have higher antimicrobial activity and smaller environmental impact than metallic silver nanoparticles

Determination of Ethanol in Employee's Blood Who Work in "X" Alcoholic Beverage Industry Using 1-propanol as an Internal Standard by Gas Chromatography

Ethanol not only caused drunk, but also in certain amount it can caused death. Because of the side effect of ethanol was dangerous if there sufficient concentration in blood and the penetration which is relatively easy so it was important to know how much ethanol in blood, especially on official employee in alcoholic beverage industry. A gas chromatography method using a capillary column CBP-10 and flame ionization detector (FID) has been developed and validated for the detection and quatification of ethanol in blood. Gas chromatography was performed in isothermal mode with column temperature 60oC. Helium was used as carrier gas with flow rate 1.0 mL/min. Quantification was performed with the uses of 1-propanol as an internal standard (IS). The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.001-0.8% v/v with coefficient of corelation 0.9998. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 0.001% v/v. This method was validated with precisions (CV) 0.53-3.47% and accuracies (% diff) 3.86-7.46%. Result of ethanol recovery varied from 96.14-107.46%. The result of validation method fulfilled for the given criteria

(Catechin and Epicatechin Analysis in Cacao Bean and Cacao Products Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry)

Cacao beans processing into product may affect active compound contents in the final products, especially catechin and epicatechin. Temperature treatments during cacao processing can induce epimerization reaction of (-)-epicatechin to be (-)-catechin. Therefore, catechin and epicatechin ratio in the samples would be change. The aim of the was to know imfluence during cacao beans processing, especially cathechin and epicatechin concentration. Samples taken during the process were cacao nib, cacao mass, cacao powder, and butter. Analysis of catechin and epicatechin in samples was carried out by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Analytical for catechin were using mobile phase A (0.1 %formic acid in deionized water) and mobile phase B (acetonitril-methanol = 50:50) at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. gradient elution were set at 0 minutes (10%B), 15 minutes (35%B), 20 minutes (40%B), 30 minutes (50% B), 35 minutes (60% B), and 35.1 minutes (105 B). Mass sprectrometer was set at ESI voltage (-) 3500 volt, desolvation temperature 300 oC, nubelizer pressure 50 psi, desolvation gas 10L/min, and fragmentor voltage (-) 160 volt. Results of the research showed that of catechin and cacao nib, cacao mass and cacao powder were 1:21,7; 1:20,0; and respectively. Heat treatments during cacao mass processing sowed a decrease tendency of catechin and epicatechin concentrations

Skrining Dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Kitinase Dan Produksi N-Asetilglukosamin Dari Sembilan Isolat Bakteri Lokal

Kitinase adalah suatu poli 1,4-β (2-asetamido-2-deoksi-D-glukosaminida), merupakan enzim yang mendegradasi kitin pada ikatan β-1,4-asetamido-2-deoksi-D-glikosida menjadi produk turunannya yaitu kitin oligosakaridaatau monomer NAG. Enzim kitinase dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme kitinolitik yang sebagian besar terdapat di lingkungan tanah dan air. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk skrining dan evaluasi kemampuan 9 bakteri isolat dalam menghasilkan kitinase. Isolat yang terbaik adalah isolat yang menghasilkan kitnase dengan aktivitas yang tinggi dan mampu menghidrolisis kitin menjadi monomer NAG. Dari 9 isolat bakteri tersebut bakteri BPPTCC-2 merupakan bakteri yang terpilih karena mampu menghasilkan kitinase dengan aktivitas tertinggi yaitu 0,1780 U/mL . kitinase tersebut dapat menghidrolisis substrat kitin dan menghasilkan NAG sebagai produk tunggal dan dengan rendemen NAG paling tinggi yaitu 11,5%