MECHANICAL-STRESS AND ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE OF CRSI-O THIN-FILMS

BRUCKNER W, SOBE G, GRIESSMANN H, BAUNACK S, Reiss G. MECHANICAL-STRESS AND ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE OF CRSI-O THIN-FILMS. Thin Solid Films. 1995;261(1-2):90-97.An apparatus for simultaneous measurement of the temperature dependence of mechanical stress and electrical resistance was constructed to obtain information about intrinsic and thermal stresses in correlation with resistance changes of (Cr0.286Si0.714)(1-x)O-x thin films (0 < x < 0.5). Together with Auger electron spectroscopy and factor analysis the results provide insights into the as-grown amorphous film structure (pre-demixed in O-poor and O-rich clusters) as well as the structural development and the crystallization during heat treatment. For x above about 0.30, the low total and thermal stresses of the films on silicon substrates meet the application demands for films free of delamination and with small aging drift. Oxygen-free films,however, show a distinct CrSi2 crystallization resulting in strong tensile stress

A method to determine the M2 beam quality from the electric field in a single plane

Laser beam quality is a key parameter for both industry and science. However, the most common measure, the M2 parameter, requires numerous intensity spatial-profiles for its determination. This is particularly inconvenient for modelling the impact of photonic devices on M2, such as metalenses and thin-film stacks, since models typically output a single electric field spatial-profile. Such a profile is also commonly determined in experiments from e.g., Shack-Hartmann sensors, shear plates, or off-axis holography. We introduce and test the validity and limitations of an explicit method to calculate M2 from a single electric field spatial-profile of the beam in any chosen transverse plane along the propagation direction

A phage library−derived single−chain Fv fragment in complex with turkey egg−white lysozyme: characterization, crystallization and preliminary X−ray analysis

Using phage−display, an anti−turkey egg−white lysozyme single−chain Fv fragment was selected from a naive light chain variable region repertoire in combination with a heavy chain variable region mini library of anti−hen egg−white lysozyme single−domain binders (Ward et al., 1989). Whereas the selected VH domain alone binds somewhat better hen egg−white lysozyme than turkey egg−white lysozyme, but both with comparatively low affinity, the specificity of VH is converted by addition of the VL domain. Thus, the single−chain Fv fragment is more specific for turkey egg−white lysozyme, with markedly increased affinities towards both lysozymes. The complex of single−chain Fv with turkey lysozyme has been crystallized and characterized by preliminary X−ray analysi

Inter-firm Migration of Tacit Knowledge: Law and Policy

Much knowledge is diffused by the exchange of property rights in intangibles. But tacit knowledge, not being subject to property rights, is instead diffused by migration of knowledgeable individuals between firms. The law impacts significantly on this diffusion mechanism, in particular those rules that determine the use individuals may make of their tacit knowledge after migration to a different firm. The general principle underlying the relevant law is that individuals are free to migrate with all their tacit knowledge. Nonetheless there are some narrow exceptions to this principle. That these exceptions remain narrow and carefully policed by the courts is important because imposing too many restraints on use of tacit knowledge post-term would have a negative impact on real innovation.Trade secrets, breach of confidence, employee mobility, tacit knowledge, inter-firm migration, intellectual property and innovation, restraint of trade,