Experimental and Theoretical Study of Phase Equilibria in Aqueous Mixtures of Lactic Acid with Benzyl Alcohol and p-Xylene at Various Temperatures

Liquid-liquid equilibria for the (water + lactic acid + benzyl alcohol or p-xylene) ternary systems were investigated at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range from 298.15-318.15 K. The studied systems exhibit two types of liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) behavior. The system consisting of benzyl alcohol displays type-1 LLE behavior, while a type-2 behavior is exhibited by the other system. The quality of the experimental tie line data was determined using the Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were calculated over the biphasic region. The experimental tie line data were regressed using the UNIQUAC and NRTL models and the binary interaction parameters were obtained

A study of thermal drying process

654-663Different aspects of heat and water transfer through textiles are reviewed in this paper. The study illustrates the impact of the heat transfer process on the moisture transfer processes, including moisture transfer by water diffusion, liquid capillary action, and moisture sorption of the fibres. It is also concluded that the fiber hygroscopicity is another key factor in determining the coupling effect between heat and moisture transfer processes

Liquid-liquid equilibria of (water plus butyric acid plus diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate) ternary systems

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of the solubility (binodal) curves and tie-line end compositions were examined for mixtures of [(water (1)+ butyric acid (2) + diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate (3)1 at 298.2 K and 101.3 +/- 0.7 kPa. The relative mutual solubility of butyric acid is higher in the diethyl succinate or diethyl glutarate or diethyl adipate layers than water layers. The consistency of the experimental tie-lines was determined through the Othmer-Tobias correlation equation. The LLE data were correlated with NRTL model, indicating the reliability of the NRTL equations for these ternary systems. The best results were achieved with the NRTL equation, using non-randomness parameter (alpha = 0.3) for the correlation. Distribution coefficients and separation factors were measured to evaluate the extracting capability of the solvents. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved