Anterior epitympanic attic antrum space obstruction and symptom onset associated with myringosclerosis in benign chronic suppurative otitis media

Background: The AAA (Anterior epitympanic, Attic, and Antrum) space is the space between the mastoid and middle ear which functions to balance the pressure in both organs (buffer). Pathological tissue in the AAA cavity due to chronic infection would disrupt the buffer function and could change the morphology of the mucosa in the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Obstruction in the AAA space measured subjectively by observing the smoothness of the flow using saline solution has been shown to be associated with a plaque in the tympanic membrane (myringosclerosis) in Chronic Otitis Media (COM) patients. This study aims to determine the relationship between AAA space obstructions with myringosclerosis using CT-Scan for an objective result.Methods: Retrospective study with case-control approach used in this study. Case criterias are Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) patients with myringosclerosis, both men and women and age 15-50 years, while the control group are benign CSOM patients without myringosclerosis. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test to prove the association between the AAA space status and length of symptom onset with myringosclerosis.Results: During January 2017-December 2019 there were 33 respondents, 19 cases and 14 controls, 21 men and 12 women with an average age of 35 years (cases) and 23.5 years (control). The length of symptom onset more than 5 years (p <0.05, OR 6.94 with CI 0.5-1.5) and AAA space obstruction (p <0.05 OR 34.25 with CI 0.8-1.8) has been shown to be associated with myringosclerosis in people with benign CSOM.Conclusions: AAA space obstruction and symptom onset more than 5 years significantly associated with myringosclerosis.

The Effectiveness of Mangosteen Peels Extract Against the Total of T Lymphocytes in HIV Patients

Introduction: The Province of West Java is one of the highest HIV sufferers in Indonesia that has increased accumulatively in 2013 to 2014. This condition was proven that in 2014 West Java ranked 4th among the provinces with the highest HIV sufferers in Indonesia. HIV has main target to infect a cell that contains of receptor, CD4. CD4 examination routinely is very important to decide HIV replication process. Meanwhile, CD4 test in the laboratory is quite expensive and not always available in every health facilities. Mangosteen peels extract contains of xanthones as an antioxidant, which is needed for body as a prooxidant that can inhibit the replication of HIV and the activity was seen from the total number of lymphocyte. Method: The human experimental research has been done by Randomized Control Group Pretest-Post Test Design. There were 20 patients sample for each group. In group 1, HIV patients with ARV therapy were given mangosteen peels extract and in group 2, they were given placebo capsule. Wilcoxon Smith test and Mann Whitney U test were used to determine the difference between group 1 and group 2. Result: There is no significant difference between lymphocytes (p: 0.102) to HIV patients with ARV in each group examination. Discussion: The ineffectiveness is caused by the phagocytocity and cytoxity of TNF through the increasing of free radicals in HIV patients

Pengaruh Pemberian Vitamin C terhadap Aktiitas Fagositosis Makrofag dan Kadar Vitamin C dalam Cairan Intraperitoneal Mencit Balb/C dengan Sepsis

Latar belakang : Sepsis masih menjadi permasalahan dalam praktek klinis karena angka mortalitas masih tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dosis bertingkat vitamin C yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai aktivitas fagositosis optimal makrofag mencit sepsis. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan uji laboratoris mencit Balb/C dengan pendekatan the post test only controlled group design, 20 ekor mencit sepsis dibagi 4 kelompok: kelompok kontrol (K); kelompok perlakuan mendapat vitamin C 0,52 mg/hari (P1); vitamin C 1,04 mg/hari (P2); vitamin C 2,6 mg /hari (P3) selama 3 hari, kemudian diperiksa kemampuan fagositosis makrofag dan kadar vitamin C intraperitoneal. Tingkat aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dan kadar vitamin C intraperitoneal dianalisis dengan ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan Bonferroni test, dan korelasi keduanya diuji dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kemampuan fagositosis makrofag dalam kelompok (p&lt;0,05). Uji antar kelompok menunjukkan: K–P1 (p&lt;0,001), K–P2 (p&lt;0,001), K–P3 (p&lt;0,001),&nbsp;&nbsp; P1–P2&nbsp;&nbsp; (p&lt;0,001),&nbsp;&nbsp; P1–P3&nbsp;&nbsp; (p&lt;0,001),&nbsp;&nbsp; tetapi&nbsp; &nbsp;tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara P2-P3 (p=0,48). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar vitamin C intraperitoneal K–P2&nbsp; &nbsp;(p&lt;0,001),&nbsp; &nbsp;K–P3&nbsp; &nbsp;(p&lt;0,001),&nbsp; &nbsp;P1–P2&nbsp; &nbsp;(p=0,003),&nbsp; &nbsp;P1–P3 (p&lt;0,001), P2-P3 (p&lt;0,001), kecuali pada kelompok K–P1 (p=0,131). Didapatkan korelasi positif antara kadar vitamin C intraperitoneal dengan fagositosis makrofag (r=0,58 ; p&lt;0,001). Simpulan : Terdapat peningkatan signifikan pada fagositosis makrofag dan kadar vitamin C intraperitoneal pada mencit Balb/C dengan sepsis yang diberi vitamin C. Dosis ideal vitamin C adalah 1,04 mg/hari, dan kadarnya meningkat sesuai dosis yang diberikan. Kata kunci: Sepsis, vitamin C, fagositosis makrofag, vitamin C intraperitoneal

Phospholipase A2 is a circulating mediator in typhoid fever

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