Alternative Ways of Measuring and Interpreting Worker Flows

The present paper provides empirical evidence compatible with a proposed theoretical framework to explain the joint determination of two components of worker flows: worker replacement and job creation. We show that a negative correlation between job creation and replacement across firms emerges from such a framework. An empirical model is specified and its parameters are estimated taking into account two serious problems: measurement error and endogenous regressor. We take advantage of a matched employer-employee longitudinal database with detailed information on job and worker characteristics to tackle both issues. Our estimates confirm the negative correlation predicted by the theory.job flows; replacement; employment dynamics

Worker Flows and Firm Dynamics in a Labour Market Model

In this paper we build an integrated framework of the labor market in which worker replacement, job creation and job destruction are decided simultaneously at the firm level, providing a rigorous instrument for the analysis of worker flows. The main features of the model are uncertainty related to worker X firm match quality and search frictions. Worker flow components are decided as firms learn about the quality of their matches. A negative cor- relation between replacement and job creation arises from this mechanism. The model also provides several implications for firm dynamics, which are all confirmed by related empirical papers.worker flows; firm dynamics

Alternative Ways of Measuring and Interpreting Worker Flows

The present paper provides empirical evidence compatible with a proposed theoretical framework to explain the joint determination of two components of worker flows: worker replacement and job creation. We show that a negative correlation between job creation and replacement across firms emerges from such a framework. An empirical model is specified and its parameters are estimated taking into account two serious problems: measurement error and endogenous regressor. We take advantage of a matched employer-employee longitudinal database with detailed information on job and worker characteristics to tackle both issues. Our estimates confirm the negative correlation predicted by the theory

Worker Flows and Firm Dynamics in a Labour Market Model

In this paper we build an integrated framework of the labor market in which worker replacement, job creation and job destruction are decided simultaneously at the firm level, providing a rigorous instrument for the analysis of worker flows. The main features of the model are uncertainty related to worker X firm match quality and search frictions. Worker flow components are decided as firms learn about the quality of their matches. A negative cor- relation between replacement and job creation arises from this mechanism. The model also provides several implications for firm dynamics, which are all confirmed by related empirical papers

TRADE LIBERALIZATION, THE EXCHANGE RATE AND JOB AND WORKER FLOWS IN BRAZIL

Over the 1990's Brazil experienced a massive trade liberalization and wide variation in the real exchange rate. At the same time, employment growth was small and in manufacturing there was a significant reduction in total manufacturing. The main goal of this article is to idntify the effects of the exchange rate and trade liberalization on job and worker flows in Brazil. Using a novel sector exchange rate measure, our results suggest that a depreciation of the exchange rate affects net employment growth by increasing job creation and hires, with no effect on job reallocation. Tariffs have no effect on job or worker flows, while import penetration decrease job growth by increasing job destruction. The results suggest that the echange rate have a very important role on job and worker flows, even after controlling for openess and sector specificities.

Alternative Ways of Measuring and Interpreting Worker Flows

The present paper provides empirical evidence compatible with a proposed theoretical framework to explain the joint determination of two components of worker flows: worker replacement and job creation. We show that a negative correlation between job creation and replacement across firms emerges from such a framework. An empirical model is specified and its parameters are estimated taking into account two serious problems: measurement error and endogenous regressor. We take advantage of a matched employer-employee longitudinal database with detailed information on job and worker characteristics to tackle both issues. Our estimates confirm the negative correlation predicted by the theory

Decisões críticas em idades críticas: a escolha dos jovens entre estudo e trabalho no Brasil e em outros paises da America Latina

In this paper we pretend to compare the determinants of the time allocation ofthe teenagers among four Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Peru and Honduras. We assume there are four possibilities to time allocation: only studying, only working, doing both ofthem or doing none of them. We focused our attention in Brazil, reporting how far one can extend the conclusions and policy recommendations to the another countries with different social and geographical characteristics. Separate analysis were done for men and women. The specific impacts of each variable on the time allocation of the teenagers were compared through a graphic analysis. The parents education revealed being the most important determinant of the young people's choice in almost all countries and genders analyzed, in the sense that the more educated the parents are, the more likely to study and the less willing to work the children are. In Brazil, for example, sons/daughters of eight-year educated parents have probability of studying 17/14 percentage points lower than sons/daughters of analphabets. Other important variables were the household location and the family composition, however the direction of these impacts depended on the gender and the country considered. This fact supports the argument that institutional/cultural differences have a central role on the teenagers' time allocation

Occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water of Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia, Brazil

  Quatorze dos hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) incluídos pelo Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) na lista de poluentes prioritários foram analisados através de cromatografia gasosa com espectrometria de massas acoplada (GC-MS). A amostragem das águas superficiais foi realizada na Baía de Todos os Santos (Bahia), norte do Brasil. Os perfis foram dominados por HPAs de alto peso molecular (quatro ou cinco anéis de componentes) em amostras de água superficial; indicativo de sua origem a partir de óleo ou contaminação residual (entrada pirogênica). Para discriminar diferenças e semelhanças entre as amostras, a análise de componente principal foi realizada utilizando uma matriz de correlação

Degradation of a benzene–toluene mixture by hydrocarbon-adapted bacterial communities

We examined the rate of degradation of a benzene–toluene mixture in aerobic microcosms prepared with samples of an aquifer that lies below a petrochemical plant (SIReN, UK). Five samples exposed to different concentrations of benzene (from 0.6 to 317 mg l−1) were used. Fast degradation (approx. 1–6 mg l−1 day−1) of both contaminants was observed in all groundwater samples and complete degradation was recorded by the seventh day except for one sample. We also identified the microbial community in each of the samples by culture-independent techniques. Two of the less impacted samples harbour the aerobic benzene degrader Pseudomonas fluorescens, while Acidovorax and Arthrobacter spp. were found in the most polluted sample and are consistent with the population observed in situ. Hydrogenophaga was found in the deepest sample while Rhodoferax spp. were recovered in an alkaline sample (pH 8.4) and may also be implicated in benzene degradation. Time series analysis shows that each of the samples has a different community but they remain stable over the degradation period. This study provides new information on a well not previously studied (no. 309s) and confirms that adapted communities have the ability to degrade hydrocarbon mixtures and could be used in further bioaugmentation approaches in contaminated sites