La Revista Mutualidad : un hallazgo para el periodismo femenino = Magazine Mutualidad : a discovery for the feminine journalism

1 archivo PDF (14 páginas). fhduodequinquagintaLa Revista mutualidad tiene como característica principal ser el órgano informativo de la Confederación de Sociedades Mutualistas; su efímera vida, 1937-1938, impidió que su importancia creciera, a pesar de que fue una revista que buscaba informar a todos los socios mutualistas de las actividades que cada sociedad llevaba a cabo y los Congresos que se organizaban cada año de hecho fue en uno de ellos que nació la idea de hacerla. Un hecho importante fue que la dirección de la misma estuvo a cargo de la periodista Consuelo Colón, quien realizo un interesante trabajo periodístico. Palabras clave: Periodismo femenino. Historia del periodismo. Sociedades mutualistas. Mutualidad. The magazine Mutualidad was recognized as the primary source of information for the Confederation Of Mutualistic Societies. Its short lifespan (1937-1938) prevented it from expanding, but its primary purpose was to keep all of its readers informed of the activities and conferences organized by each of the member Societies It is important to note that the person in charge of the magazine’s management was Consuelo Colón, whose work in journalism is by itself very interesting. Key words: Feminine journalism. History of Journalism. Mutualistic societies. Mutualis

Stochastic Invariants for Probabilistic Termination

Termination is one of the basic liveness properties, and we study the termination problem for probabilistic programs with real-valued variables. Previous works focused on the qualitative problem that asks whether an input program terminates with probability~1 (almost-sure termination). A powerful approach for this qualitative problem is the notion of ranking supermartingales with respect to a given set of invariants. The quantitative problem (probabilistic termination) asks for bounds on the termination probability. A fundamental and conceptual drawback of the existing approaches to address probabilistic termination is that even though the supermartingales consider the probabilistic behavior of the programs, the invariants are obtained completely ignoring the probabilistic aspect. In this work we address the probabilistic termination problem for linear-arithmetic probabilistic programs with nondeterminism. We define the notion of {\em stochastic invariants}, which are constraints along with a probability bound that the constraints hold. We introduce a concept of {\em repulsing supermartingales}. First, we show that repulsing supermartingales can be used to obtain bounds on the probability of the stochastic invariants. Second, we show the effectiveness of repulsing supermartingales in the following three ways: (1)~With a combination of ranking and repulsing supermartingales we can compute lower bounds on the probability of termination; (2)~repulsing supermartingales provide witnesses for refutation of almost-sure termination; and (3)~with a combination of ranking and repulsing supermartingales we can establish persistence properties of probabilistic programs. We also present results on related computational problems and an experimental evaluation of our approach on academic examples.Comment: Full version of a paper published at POPL 2017. 20 page

Refinement Type Inference via Horn Constraint Optimization

We propose a novel method for inferring refinement types of higher-order functional programs. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can infer maximally preferred (i.e., Pareto optimal) refinement types with respect to a user-specified preference order. The flexible optimization of refinement types enabled by the proposed method paves the way for interesting applications, such as inferring most-general characterization of inputs for which a given program satisfies (or violates) a given safety (or termination) property. Our method reduces such a type optimization problem to a Horn constraint optimization problem by using a new refinement type system that can flexibly reason about non-determinism in programs. Our method then solves the constraint optimization problem by repeatedly improving a current solution until convergence via template-based invariant generation. We have implemented a prototype inference system based on our method, and obtained promising results in preliminary experiments.Comment: 19 page

Synthesis for Polynomial Lasso Programs

We present a method for the synthesis of polynomial lasso programs. These programs consist of a program stem, a set of transitions, and an exit condition, all in the form of algebraic assertions (conjunctions of polynomial equalities). Central to this approach is the discovery of non-linear (algebraic) loop invariants. We extend Sankaranarayanan, Sipma, and Manna's template-based approach and prove a completeness criterion. We perform program synthesis by generating a constraint whose solution is a synthesized program together with a loop invariant that proves the program's correctness. This constraint is non-linear and is passed to an SMT solver. Moreover, we can enforce the termination of the synthesized program with the support of test cases.Comment: Paper at VMCAI'14, including appendi

Narrow Band Halpha Photometry of the Super-Earth GJ 1214b with GTC/OSIRIS Tunable Filters

The super-earth planet GJ 1214b has recently been the focus of several studies, using the transit spectroscopy technique, trying to determine the nature of its atmosphere. Here we focus on the Halpha line as a tool to further restrict the nature of GJ1214's atmosphere. We used the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) OSIRIS instrument to acquire narrow band photometry with tunable filters. With our observations, we were able to observe the primary transit of the super-Earth GJ 1214b in three bandpasses: two centered in the continuum around Halpha (653.5 nm and 662.0 nm) and one centered at the line core (656.3 nm). We measure the depth of the planetary transit at each wavelength interval.By fitting analytic models to the measured light curves we were able to compute the depth of the transit at the three bandpasses. Taking the difference in the computed planet to star radius ratio between the line and the comparison continuum filters, we find Delta (Rp/Rstar)_{Halpha-653.5} = (6.60 +/- 3.54) 10^-3 and Delta (Rp/Rstar)_{Halpha-662.0} = (3.30 +/- 3.61) 10^-3. Although the planet radius is found to be larger in the Halpha line than in the surrounding continuum, the quality of our observations and the sigma level of the differences (1.8 and 1.0, respectively) does not allow us to claim an Halpha excess in GJ1214's atmosphere. Further observations will be needed to resolve this issue.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, language and typos correcte

Designing an experimental HIV/HCV intervention to promote the safe re-use of drug preparation materials by injection drug users in Puerto Rico

Injection drug users (IDUs) in San Juan, Puerto Rico are characterized by high rates of daily injecting, injection of shared drugs, re-use of injection syringes, and use of shooting galleries. They lack adequate access to new injection syringes and drug preparation equipment, and experience elevated rates of HIV and HCV infection. Between April and August, 2006, researchers and active IDUs collaborated in the development of an experimental HIV/HCV intervention aimed at identifying drug preparation items and practices that will enable IDUs to make drug solutions without potentially contaminated injection syringes contacting materials used to prepare drugs. The collaboration involved discussing and testing a variety of drug preparation items and practices in office and community settings. The process was repeated until concerns that had been raised were resolved, and a tentative set of intervention items and practices to be evaluated in a community field trial was identified. Throughout, a strong emphasis was placed on the capacity of an item or practice to address common problems confronted by IDUs (blunted needles, clogged syringes, injected particles) in addition to the core aim of reducing contamination of preparation materials by blood in injection syringes

Characterizing Transiting Extrasolar Planets with Narrow-Band Photometry and GTC/OSIRIS

We report the first extrasolar planet observations from the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), currently the world's largest, fully steerable, single-aperture optical telescope. We used the OSIRIS tunable filter imager on the GTC to acquire high-precision, narrow-band photometry of the transits of the giant exoplanets, TrES-2b and TrES-3b. We obtained near-simultaneous observations in two near-infrared (NIR) wavebands (790.2 and 794.4 +/- 2.0 nm) specifically chosen to avoid water vapor absorption and skyglow so as to minimize the atmospheric effects that often limit the precision of ground-based photometry. Our results demonstrate a very-high photometric precision with minimal atmospheric contamination despite relatively poor atmospheric conditions and some technical problems with the telescope. We find the photometric precision for the TrES-2 observations to be 0.343 and 0.412 mmag for the 790.2 and 794.4 nm light curves, and the precision of the TrES-3 observations was found to be 0.470 and 0.424 mmag for the 790.2 and 794.4 nm light curves. We also discuss how future follow-up observations of transiting planets with this novel technique can contribute to the characterization of Neptune- and super-Earth-size planets to be discovered by space-based missions like CoRoT and Kepler, as well as measure atmospheric properties of giant planets, such as the strength of atmospheric absorption features.Comment: 9 pages, including 3 figures and 2 tables; accepted for publication in MNRA

Mirror matter admixtures in K_L \to \gamma\gamma

Based on possible albeit tiny, admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary mesons we study the K_L \to \gamma\gamma transition. We find that this process can be described with a small SU(3) symmetry breaking of only 3%. We also determine the eta-eta' mixing angle and the pseudoscalar decay constants. The results for these parameters are consistent with some obtained in the literature. They favor two recent determinations; one based on two analytical constraints, and another one based on next-to-leading order power corrections

Semileptonic decays, magnetic moments and spin distributions of spin-1/2 baryons with sea contribution

Spin-1/2 baryons are considered as a composite system made out of a "core" of three quarks surrounded by a "sea" (of gluons and $q\bar{q}$-pairs) which is specified by its total quantum numbers. Specifically, we assume this sea to be a flavor octet with spin-0 or 1 but no color. We show our model can provide very goods fits to magnetic moments and semileptonic decay data using experimental errors. The predictions for spin distributions are in reasonable agreement with experiment.Comment: To be published in Int. J. of Mod. Phys.