Quantitative Nachweismethoden für Proteine und DNA aus gentechnisch veränderten Organismen in Lebensmitteln

Hoher Probendurchsatz mit einem Ja-/Nein-Ergebnis und präzise Gehaltsbestimmung GVO-positiver Lebensmittel sind Ziele bei der Kennzeichnung gentechnisch veränderter Organismen (GVOs). Die Bestimmung eines für viele GVOs charakteristischen Proteins (Neomycinphosphotransferase Typ II, NPTII) erfolgte dazu nach Antikörpererzeugung immunologisch durch Western-Blot oder Sandwich-ELISA. Sensitive Detektion von GVO- und Spezies-DNA (CaMV35S-Promotor, Roundup Ready-Konstrukt, Soja-Lektingen) wurde dagegen durch Vervielfältigung in der PCR (normal/kompetitiv) in Kombination mit einem PCR-ELISA (Hybridisierung) erreicht. Dieses Verfahren wurden in einem Ringversuch (13 Teilnehmer) getestet (Schwellenwert-Beurteilung) und erwies sich als unkompliziert, robust und korrekt; gerade in Hinblick auf das hohe Probenaufkommen in der Routineanalytik ist es gewinnbringend einsetzbar. Absolute Quantifizierung war durch Einsatz von Doppelkompetitor- und Normierungsplasmiden und nach Validierung der Gleichheit von Amplifikations-Effizienzen möglich. Eine Überprüfung fand durch Realzeit-PCR und zertifizierte Standards statt. Screening of food components using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of genetic elements, such as the widespread cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter introduced into genetically modified organisms (GMOs), has become a routine method in modern food analysis. With the aim of developing a high throughput method suitable for automation we established a PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). It is based on specific hybridization of an immobilized, biotinylated PCR product with a digoxigenin-labelled internal probe; the label then serves in colorimetric immunodetection. With this fast and convenient method laborious blotting procedures and the use of hazardous ethidium bromide in gel staining are avoided. The optimized protocol for this PCR-ELISA allows the detection of as little as 0.1 ng amplicon in only 2 h. With this new technique we analyzed whole Roundup Ready soybeans as well as soybean flour with GMO contents ranging from 0.1% to 2%

Cardiac fibrosis in aging mice

Dystrophic cardiac calcinosis (DCC), also called epicardial and myocardial fibrosis and mineralization, has been detected in mice of a number of laboratory inbred strains, most commonly C3H/HeJ and DBA/2J. In previous mouse breeding studies between these DCC susceptible and the DCC-resistant strain C57BL/6J, 4 genetic loci harboring genes involved in DCC inheritance were identified and subsequently termed Dyscalc loci 1 through 4. Here, we report susceptibility to cardiac fibrosis, a sub-phenotype of DCC, at 12 and 20 months of age and close to natural death in a survey of 28 inbred mouse strains. Eight strains showed cardiac fibrosis with highest frequency and severity in the moribund mice. Using genotype and phenotype information of the 28 investigated strains, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and identified the most significant associations on chromosome (Chr) 15 at 72 million base pairs (Mb) (P < 10(-13)) and Chr 4 at 122 Mb (P < 10(-11)) and 134 Mb (P < 10(-7)). At the Chr 15 locus, Col22a1 and Kcnk9 were identified. Both have been reported to be morphologically and functionally important in the heart muscle. The strongest Chr 4 associations were located approximately 6 Mb away from the Dyscalc 2 quantitative trait locus peak within the boundaries of the Extl1 gene and in close proximity to the Trim63 and Cap1 genes. In addition, a single-nucleotide polymorphism association was found on chromosome 11. This study provides evidence for more than the previously reported 4 genetic loci determining cardiac fibrosis and DCC. The study also highlights the power of GWAS in the mouse for dissecting complex genetic traits.The authors thank Jesse Hammer and Josiah Raddar for technical assistance. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Ellison Medical Foundation, Parker B. Francis Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (R01AR055225 and K01AR064766). Mouse colonies were supported by the National Institutes of Health under Award Number AG025707 for the Jackson Aging Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The Jackson Laboratory Shared Scientific Services were supported in part by a Basic Cancer Center Core Grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA34196).This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-016-9634-

The estimation of affinity constants for the binding of model peptides to DNA by equilibrium dialysis.

The binding of lysine model peptides of the type Lys-X-Lys, Lys-X-X-Lys and Lys-X-X-X-Lys (X = different aliphatic and aromatic amino acids) has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. It was shown that the strong electrostatic binding forces generated by protonated amino groups of lysine can be distinguished from the weak forces stemming from neutral and aromatic spacer amino acids. The overall binding strength of the lysine model peptides is modified by these weak binding forces and the apparent binding constants are influenced more by the hydrophobic character of the spacer amino acid side chains than by the chainlength of the spacers