A morphometric study of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei (de Blainville, 1825) on beaches of Lengeh Port, Persian Gulf

Some of valuable species of Persian Gulf, such as sea urchins, are accounted less scientific studies due to the lack of any position in the local food baskets. Therefore, this survey is investigated the biometrical parameters of sea urchin Echinometra mathaei for a period of seven months (March– September, 2014) in the intertidal zone of Lengeh Port (26˚32ʹ28̋ N, 54˚52ʹ29̋ E). Random samples were collected monthly during spring tides and transferred alive to the laboratory and then the dissection and the separation of different parts of the body were started. Each part of the body length and weight was measured. By a mathematical method the volume of samples was calculated as an elliptical object. This study illustrated the largest and smallest sample were 0.07 and 103.77 grams, respectively. Results showed that the relationships between Total wet weight and Test Diameter (Total Wet Weight = 0.0053 Test Diameter2.3933), Total Wet Weight and Height (Total Wet Weight = 0.0122 Height2.5872) and Total Wet Weight and Volume (Total Wet Weight= 0.0071 Volume0.8706). The correlation coefficient between volume and total wet weight of samples was r=0.94 which shows the accuracy of Disk method. On the other hand, the HDR index was more in compared with the HWR index and it illustrates larger values of Test Diameter in compare with Height. Statical analyses prove that higher values of DWR in compared with HWR are reasonable and accurate in both sexes

An Efficient and Rapid Access to the Synthesis of Tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8-dione Derivatives by Magnesium Perchlorate

Arapid and green procedure has been introduced for the preparation of tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8-dione derivatives in the presence of magnesium perchlorate. This solvent-free procedure offers some advantages such as short reaction times, high yields, an easy-to-handle catalyst, and avoidance of organic solvents. In this work four new compounds are reported.KEYWORDS: Tetrahydrochromeno[4,3-b]chromene-6,8-dione, solvent-free, magnesium perchlorate, three-component reactions

Connecting Critical Hermeneutics with the Management and Organizational Studies: An Analysis of the Philosophy and Methods of its Implementation in Organizations

Critical hermeneutics is rooted in philosophy of knowledge, in general, and in the methodology of human sciences, in particular. This approach is methodologically considered as a qualitative study with the aim of achieving internal understanding in various fields such as linguistic, longitudinal and experimental sciences. Jürgen Habermas, one of the precursors of Frankfurt School, is the pioneer of this method. In 1981, he published one of his best works entitled “Communicative Interaction Theory”, and added the symbolic aspects of social interaction to Frankfurt critical theory. Thus, critical hermeneutics does not pursue a “unifying answer”; rather it seeks to portray the social phenomena that are derived through discourse. Discourse, as a means of obtaining data, is used in critical hermeneutics and as Habermas posited, the essential prerequisite for discourse is to provide space devoid of any trace of power. In this qualitative study, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews with individuals, and by transcribing the interviews, converted the phenomenon into text. These texts constitute the research data of the study. Then, the researchers interpreted the textual form of the phenomena and represented the obtained results in several limited themes, each of which is further split into certain limited categories. Since the main advantage of critical hermeneutics is developing and reorienting the existing interpretative approaches to the study of management, this paper attempts to examine this approach as a qualitative research method in organization and management studies, and represent its process and key features

Does Opening Strategy in Organizations Lead to Effectiveness and Success?

Despite recent attention in information systems and strategy research considering inclusiveness, transparency, and use of IT tools in strategy formulation (also known as open strategy), the effectiveness of these principles has not been empirically studied in the literature. This research gap is even more prominent when we consider distinct positives and drawbacks of an open strategy approach when synthesising extant literature. This research in progress outlines a macro-level approach to further exploring this highlighted gap in our understanding. Here, research constructs are described and logically positioned within the literature and then, using existing studies from various fields, a number of items to measure each construct are presented. These items are proposed to consider various aspects of open strategy principles (i.e. internal and external, inclusive and transparent). Further, and based on the available literature on openness in strategy, we identify several points to facilitate measuring the open strategy phenomenon. The paper also briefly presents initial findings and an agenda for future steps in relation to data collection and analysis as this research-in-progress moves forward. The paper concludes by remarking intended contributions and potential implications of the study for both practice and research

Optimization of Tokamak Poloidal Field Configuration by Genetic Algorithms

Abstract. The design of the poloidal field system in tokamaks is a lengthy procedure due to functional dependence of design parameters on pre-assumed plasma parameters. Therefore changing an individual design parameter could in principle influence the overall design. This complicated task could easily lead to non-optimal final results. In the paper it is shown that genetic algorithms, as powerful optimization methods, are useful in approaching an optimal design. The work may be extended to the whole plasma scenario and magnetic configuration in other small and large scale systems. 1

A survey on knowledge, attitude and practice of high consumption households towards proper use of water in Yazd

Background: Population growth, urban development due to the migration to the cities and the increasing demand are of the component that influences on volume of water available. therefore water conservation in cities, espically in yazd is very important. Methods: This research as a cross-sectional study was conducted on high consumption households. Sampling was carried out to cluster method and in two stages, finally 188 questionnaires by SPSS statistical software (T-test, Mann-Whitney) were analyzed. Results: Average and SD of knowledge scores 60.04 ± 15.5, the attitude 22.28 ± 3.97 and the practice was 11.6 ± 3.63. This study showed that there is a statistically significant association between total knowledge with job and sex. The results of factor analysis indicated that the category of "other parts of the house(cooler, washing automobiles,devices of reducer water consumption, etc)," the highest and category of "causes of water loss at house (washing yard, water leak from pipes, non-closure water faucet when brushing your teeth, etc.)" had the lowest contribution in the states of total knowledge. There isn’t any statistically significant association between the attitudes and practice of households in all the variables. Conclusion: The results showed that studied households have relatively good level of practice than the water conservation behaviors. However, intervention efforts to promote these behaviors to a higher level, is important and necessary