The effects of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health among the orthodontic patients attending Kulliyyah Of Dentistry (KOD) IIUM specialist clinic

Background: Orthodontic treatment requires remodeling of the periodontal tissues, including the periodontal ligament fibers and alveolar bone in order to straighten the misaligned teeth. The effect of orthodontic treatment is apparent esthetically but the effect to theperiodontal health is still in debate. Objective:To investigate the effect of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal condition among the orthodontic patients attending Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), IIUM. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was done among 11 patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment (sample group) at the Orthodontic Specialist Clinic, KOD. Those that fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected; 11 patients who are waiting for orthodontic treatment were included as control (control group).The periodontal health of each patient was examined clinically using WHO 621 probe around the teeth and scored by using the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) method. The BPE readings were taken again 6 months after the beginning of orthodontic treatment.Baseline risk ratio(RR) before orthodontic treatment and that of six months after treatment were measured and compared. Results:The baseline RR between the sample group and the control group are: Sextant1 (S1): 0.562; Sextant2 (S2): 0.421; Sextant3 (S3): 2.250; Sextant4 (S4): 5.000; Sextant5 (S5): 3.600; Sextant6 (S6): 2.857. Conclusion: After 6 months of undergoing orthodontic treatment, there is no significant difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal condition, except in Sextant 2. Keywords :BPE, Orthodontic treatment, WHO 621 probe, Periodontium, OR

A review on mechanical performance of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites for structural applications

In the field of hybrid natural fiber polymer composites, there has been a recent surge in research and innovation for structural applications. To expand the strengths and applications of this category of materials, significant effort was put into improving their mechanical properties. Hybridization is a designed technique for fiber-reinforced composite materials that involves combining two or more fibers of different groups within a single matrix to manipulate the desired properties. They may be made from a mix of natural and synthetic fibers, synthetic and synthetic fibers, or natural fiber and carbonaceous materials. Owing to their diverse properties, hybrid natural fiber composite materials are manufactured from a variety of materials, including rubber, elastomer, metal, ceramics, glasses, and plants, which come in composite, sandwich laminate, lattice, and segmented shapes. Hybrid composites have a wide range of uses, including in aerospace interiors, naval, civil building, industrial, and sporting goods. This study intends to provide a summary of the factors that contribute to natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites’ mechanical and structural failure as well as overview the details and developments that have been achieved with the composites