Combined Human, Antenna Orientation in Elevation Direction and Ground Effect on RSSI in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we experimentally investigate the combined effect of human, antenna orientation in elevation direction and the ground effect on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) parameter in the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In experiment, we use MICAz motes and consider different scenarios where antenna of the transmitter node is tilted in elevation direction. The motes were placed on the ground to take into account the ground effect on the RSSI. The effect of one, two and four persons on the RSSI is recorded. For one and two persons, different walking paces e.g. slow, medium and fast pace, are analysed. However, in case of four persons, random movement is carried out between the pair of motes. The experimental results show that some antenna orientation angles have drastic effect on the RSSI, even without any human activity. The fluctuation count and range of RSSI in different scenarios with same walking pace are completely different. Therefore, an efficient human activity algorithm is need that effectively takes into count the antenna elevation and other parameters to accurately detect the human activity in the WSN deployment region.Comment: 10th IEEE International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT 12), 201

Management of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients undergoing open-heart surgery

Background: There are scarce studies on the management of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients during cardiac surgery. The purposes of this retrospective study were to present and evaluate our experience with G6PD deficient patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: We included 20 patients with G6PD deficiency who had cardiac surgeries from 2015 to 2019. We used free radical scavenging strategy and careful perioperative management. The patients were compared to a control group of 20 patients with normal G6PD enzyme activity who underwent the same type of operations in the same period. Results: Males represented 80% of G6PD deficient patients. There were significant elevations in preoperative total bilirubin (1.03±0.33 vs. 0.57±0.11 mg/dl, p< 0.001) and reticulocytes (1.87±0.62 vs. 0.54±0.18%) in G6PD deficient patients. Valve surgery was done for 60% of G6PD deficient patients. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding the type of surgery, aortic cross-clamp, CPB, and total operative time. G6PD deficient patients had significantly lower postoperative hemoglobin levels (9.44±0.94 vs. 10.0±0.59 g/dl, p= 0.04) and significantly higher postoperative total bilirubin (1.51±0.51 vs. 0.98±0.45 mg/dl; p=0.002) and reticulocytes (1.85±0.51 vs. 0.57±0.13%; p< 0.001). There was no significant difference regarding postoperative urea and creatinine levels. Ventilation time (10.3±2.7 vs. 8.2±1.9 hours; p=0.01), ICU stay (3.1±0.87 vs. 2.3±0.71 days; p=0.004), and hospital stay (3.1±0.87 vs. 6.0±1.02 days; p<0.001) significantly increased in G6PD deficient patients. The mortality rate was 5% (one patient) in G6PD deficient patients. Conclusion: Despite the management strategy, G6PD deficient patients undergoing cardiac surgery are more liable to hemolysis and hypoxia with more need for blood transfusion and longer ventilation time, ICU, and hospital stays when compared to patients with normal G6PD enzyme activity. Further research to improve the outcomes in G6PD deficient patients is required

On Finitely Null-additive and Finitely Weakly Null-additive Relative to the σ–ring

يهدف هذا البحث الى تقديــم مفهوم المضافات الفارغة المنتهية نسبةً الى الحلقة من النمط –σ  ومناقشــة العديد من الخصائص لهذا المفهوم. اضافةً الى ذلك قدمنا ودرســنا مفهوم المضافات الفارغة الضعيفة المنتهية نسبةً الى الحلقة من النمط–σ وهي أعـم من بعض المفاهيم  كالقياس والمضافات المعدودة والمضافات المنتهية  والمضافات الفارغة المعدودة والمضافات الفارغة الضعيفة المعدودة والمضافات الفارغة المنتهية و على هذا الاســاس برهـــنا ان كل المضاف الفارغ المنتهي يــؤدي الى المضاف الفارغ الضعيف المنتهــي . واخـــيراً درســـنا مفهوم القياس الخارجي إذ يكون اقــوى من مفهـــوم المضافات الفارغة الضعيفــة المنتهية.     This article introduces the concept of finitely null-additive set function relative to the σ– ring and many properties of this concept have been discussed. Furthermore, to introduce and study the notion of finitely weakly null-additive set function relative to the σ– ring as a generalization of some concepts such as measure, countably additive, finitely additive, countably null-additive, countably weakly null-additive and finitely null-additive. As the first result, it has been proved that every finitely null-additive is a finitely weakly null-additive. Finally, the paper introduces a study of the concept of outer measure as a stronger form of finitely weakly null-additive

Finite element investigation for the flexural behavior of small-scale mono-symmetric steel girders with corrugated webs

In the last decades, steel girders with corrugated webs have been widely investigated and implemented in many applications such as bridges and industrial facilities. Many researchers investigated the flexural behavior of traditional doubly symmetric girders with corrugated webs, but a very limited number of investigations considered the usage of unequal flanges. In addition, for most cases the performed investigations focus on the behavior of large-scale girders similar to bridge girders, while few papers considered small-scale girders that could be used in traditional structures. Thus, the objective of this paper is to investigate the lateral torsional buckling behavior of small-scale unsymmetric or monosymmetric girders with corrugated webs (MSCWGs) as increasing the compression flange dimensions is a common solution to enhance the lateral torsional buckling rigidity of steel girders. A finite element model is established and verified using ABAQUS software. Then, using the verified model, a series of finite element models are developed through a parametric study to investigate the effects of varying the length, compression flange dimensions and web height on the behavior of MSCWGs. Finally, the current available expressions to calculate the critical buckling moment of MSCWGs are evaluated and the investigation conclusions are outlined

Influence of Trichoderma reesei or Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, ruminal fermentation, carcass characteristics and blood biochemistry of lambs fed Atriplex nummularia and Acacia saligna mixture

The mixtureof A.nummularia and A.saligna (1:1 DM)was autoclaved(TuttnauerUSACo.Ltd.,NY,USA)at121 °C and1.5psi for 15mintodestroyanymicrobes.Thecontentwasallowedto cool andlaterinoculatedwiththesporesof T.reesei at arateof 40 mLofthesporesuspensioncontaining107 spores permL/kg DM ofautoclaved A.nummularia and A.saligna mixture. Thein- oculatedsubstrateswerethenincubatedatambienttemperature for 10days.Bytheendoftheincubationperiod,theforageswere fullycoveredwiththefungus.Theywerethenovendriedat70 °C in aforcedairdryingoven(CascadeTEK’s ModelTFO-10,OR,USA) for 24hsoastostopfungalgrowthandpreventfurtherdena- turationofproteins.The aim of this study was to evaluate whole substitution of Egyptian berseem hay (Trifolium alexandrinum) with a mixture of Atriplex nummularia and Acacia saligna (1:1 DM) in the diet of Barki lambs for 70 days. Thirty six lambs (27.0±0.89 kg initial BW) were divided into four treatment groups of nine lambs each and fed: (1) the Control group with no substitution (70% concentrate mixture and 30% berseem hay, DM basis), (2) A. nummularia and A. saligna mixture without fungal treatment (treatment group AU), or (3) Trichoderma reesei treated A. nummularia and A. saligna mixture (treatment group AF), or (4) A. nummularia and A. saligna mixture supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.5 g/kg DM of feed (treatment group AS) replaced 100% of berseem hay in the diet. Live-weight change, rumen fermentation parameters, blood chemistry, carcass characteristics and intestinal histology were investigated. Significant (P0.05). Lambs fed AF and AU diets had lower (P<0.05) feed conversion efficiency than lambs fed the AS and Control diets. Lambs fed AF and AS had increased (P<0.05) volatile fatty acid production compared to Controls. Blood albumin and urea concentrations increased (P<0.05) with lambs in AS treatment compared to lambs in the other treatments, while lambs fed AF had lower (P<0.05) cholesterol and glucose concentrations compared to the Controls. The AS lambs had the highest (P<0.05) dressing percentage. Decreased intramuscular fat weights were obtained with lambs fed halophytes compared to Control lambs. Histology of the ileum, sub mucosa and Peyer's patches were normal in all lambs. In conclusion, untreated halophyte mixtures of A. nummularia and A. saligna (at 1:1 DM) can be substituted for berseem hay without negative effects on performance while treatment with S. cerevisiae may improve performance and, like T. reesei, change certain biochemical responses

Copper(II)-oxaloyldihydrazone complexes: Physico-chemical studies: Energy band gap and inhibition evaluation of free oxaloyldihydrazones toward the corrosion of copper metal in acidic medium

AbstractA series of oxaloyldihydrazone ligands were prepared essentially by the conventional condensation reaction between oxaloyldihydrazide and different aldehydes e.g., salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-methoxybenzaldehyde in 1:2M ratio. The synthesized compounds were purified to give bis(salicylaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone (L1), bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone (L2), bis(2-hydroxyacetophenone)oxaloyldihydrazone (L3) and bis(2-methoxybenzaldehyde)oxaloyldihydrazone (L4). All the oxaloyldihydrazones (L1–L4) and their relevant solid copper(II) complexes have been isolated and characterized by various physicochemical techniques. The identity of the synthesized compounds has been ascertained on the basis of elemental analyses, spectral (UV–Vis, IR, ESR, mass, 1H NMR), magnetism and thermal (TG) measurements. The dihydrazones coordinate to the metal center forming binuclear complexes. Upon chelation, the metal center can form a trigonal distorted octahedral structure with L1 and pseudo tetrahedral configuration with L2 & L3 & L4. The optical band gap energy for all compounds underlies the range of semiconductor materials. The investigated ligands were assayed for their corrosion inhibitive and adsorptive properties on copper surface in 1M HCl solution using weight loss technique. The results pointed out that, the ligands have a plausible inhibition toward the corrosion of copper specimen. The adsorption reaction on copper surface was found to be spontaneous first order and agreed with physical adsorption mechanism. The adsorption data fitted well to Freundlich, Langmuir and Frumkin adsorption isotherms

Characterizing and Predicting Email Deferral Behavior

Email triage involves going through unhandled emails and deciding what to do with them. This familiar process can become increasingly challenging as the number of unhandled email grows. During a triage session, users commonly defer handling emails that they cannot immediately deal with to later. These deferred emails, are often related to tasks that are postponed until the user has more time or the right information to deal with them. In this paper, through qualitative interviews and a large-scale log analysis, we study when and what enterprise email users tend to defer. We found that users are more likely to defer emails when handling them involves replying, reading carefully, or clicking on links and attachments. We also learned that the decision to defer emails depends on many factors such as user's workload and the importance of the sender. Our qualitative results suggested that deferring is very common, and our quantitative log analysis confirms that 12% of triage sessions and 16% of daily active users had at least one deferred email on weekdays. We also discuss several deferral strategies such as marking emails as unread and flagging that are reported by our interviewees, and illustrate how such patterns can be also observed in user logs. Inspired by the characteristics of deferred emails and contextual factors involved in deciding if an email should be deferred, we train a classifier for predicting whether a recently triaged email is actually deferred. Our experimental results suggests that deferral can be classified with modest effectiveness. Overall, our work provides novel insights about how users handle their emails and how deferral can be modeled