104 research outputs found
Possible Experience: from Boole to Bell
Mainstream interpretations of quantum theory maintain that violations of the
Bell inequalities deny at least either realism or Einstein locality. Here we
investigate the premises of the Bell-type inequalities by returning to earlier
inequalities presented by Boole and the findings of Vorob'ev as related to
these inequalities. These findings together with a space-time generalization of
Boole's elements of logic lead us to a completely transparent Einstein local
counterexample from everyday life that violates certain variations of the Bell
inequalities. We show that the counterexample suggests an interpretation of the
Born rule as a pre-measure of probability that can be transformed into a
Kolmogorov probability measure by certain Einstein local space-time
characterizations of the involved random variables.Comment: Published in: EPL, 87 (2009) 6000
An analog of Heisenberg uncertainty relation in prequantum classical field theory
Prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT) is a model which
provides a possibility to represent averages of quantum observables, including
correlations of observables on subsystems of a composite system, as averages
with respect to fluctuations of classical random fields. PCSFT is a classical
model of the wave type. For example, "electron" is described by electronic
field. In contrast to QM, this field is a real physical field and not a field
of probabilities. An important point is that the prequantum field of e.g.
electron contains the irreducible contribution of the background field, vacuum
fluctuations. In principle, the traditional QM-formalism can be considered as a
special regularization procedure: subtraction of averages with respect to
vacuum fluctuations. In this paper we derive a classical analog of the
Heisenberg-Robertson inequality for dispersions of functionals of classical
(prequantum) fields. PCSFT Robertson-like inequality provides a restriction on
the product of classical dispersions. However, this restriction is not so rigid
as in QM. The quantum dispersion corresponds to the difference between e.g. the
electron field dispersion and the dispersion of vacuum fluctuations. Classical
Robertson-like inequality contains these differences. Hence, it does not imply
such a rigid estimate from below for dispersions as it was done in QM
Understanding quantization: a hidden variable model
We argue that to solve the foundational problems of quantum theory one has to
first understand what it means to quantize a classical system. We then propose
a quantization method based on replacement of deterministic c-numbers by
stochastically-parameterized c-numbers. Unlike canonical quantization, the
method is free from operator ordering ambiguity and the resulting quantum
system has a straightforward interpretation as statistical modification of
ensemble of classical trajectories. We then develop measurement without wave
function collapse \`a la pilot-wave theory and point out new testable
predictions.Comment: 16 pages, based on a talk given at "Emergent Quantum Mechanics (Heinz
von Foerster Conference 2011)", see http://iopscience.iop.org/1742-6596/361/
A Complete Set of Local Invariants for a Family of Multipartite Mixed States
We study the equivalence of quantum states under local unitary
transformations by using the singular value decomposition. A complete set of
invariants under local unitary transformations is presented for several classes
of tripartite mixed states in KxMxN composite systems. Two density matrices in
the same class are equivalent under local unitary transformations if and only
if all these invariants have equal values for these density matrices.Comment: 10 page
Classical signal model reproducing quantum probabilities for single and coincidence detections
We present a simple classical (random) signal model reproducing Born's rule.
The crucial point of our approach is that the presence of detector's threshold
and calibration procedure have to be treated not as simply experimental
technicalities, but as the basic counterparts of the theoretical model. We call
this approach threshold signal detection model (TSD). The experiment on
coincidence detection which was done by Grangier in 1986 \cite{Grangier} played
a crucial role in rejection of (semi-)classical field models in favor of
quantum mechanics (QM): impossibility to resolve the wave-particle duality in
favor of a purely wave model. QM predicts that the relative probability of
coincidence detection, the coefficient is zero (for one photon
states), but in (semi-)classical models In TSD the
coefficient decreases as where is
the detection threshold. Hence, by increasing this threshold an experimenter
can make the coefficient essentially less than 1. The
TSD-prediction can be tested experimentally in new Grangier type experiments
presenting a detailed monitoring of dependence of the coefficient
on the detection threshold
Deactivation of carbon electrode for elimination of carbon dioxide evolution from rechargeable lithium-oxygen cells
Carbon has unfaired advantages in material properties to be used as electrodes. It offers a low cost, light weight cathode that minimizes the loss in specific energy of lithium-oxygen batteries as well. To date, however, carbon dioxide evolution has been an unavoidable event during the operation of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries with carbon electrodes, due to the reactivity of carbon against self-decomposition and catalytic decomposition of electrolyte. Here we report a simple but potent approach to eliminate carbon dioxide evolution by using an ionic solvate of dimethoxyethane and lithium nitrate. We show that the solvate leads to deactivation of the carbon against parasitic reactions by electrochemical doping of nitrogen into carbon. This work demonstrates that one could take full advantage of carbon by mitigating the undesired activity. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.open8
A New Type of Proton Coordination in an F1Fo-ATP Synthase Rotor Ring
The high-resolution structure of the rotor ring from alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus OF4 reveals a new type of ion binding in F1Fo-ATP synthases
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