388 research outputs found

    Luminescence tuning of MOFs via ligand to metal and metal to metal energy transfer by co-doping of 2∞[Gd2Cl6(bipy)3]*2bipy with europium and terbium

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    The series of anhydrous lanthanide chlorides LnCl3, Ln=Pr–Tb, and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy) constitute isotypic MOFs of the formula 2∞[Ln2Cl6(bipy)3]*2bipy. The europium and terbium containing compounds both exhibit luminescence of the referring trivalent lanthanide ions, giving a red luminescence for Eu3+ and a green luminescence for Tb3+ triggered by an efficient antenna effect of the 4,4'-bipyridine linkers. Mixing of different lanthanides in one MOF structure was undertaken to investigate the potential of this MOF system for colour tuning of the luminescence. Based on the gadolinium containing compound, co-doping with different amounts of europium and terbium proves successful and yields solid solutions of the formula 2∞[Gd2-x-yEuxTbyCl6(bipy)3]*2bipy (1–8), 0≤x, y≤0.5. The series of MOFs exhibits the opportunity of tuning the emission colour in-between green and red. Depending on the atomic ratio Gd:Eu:Tb, the yellow region was covered for the first time for an oxygen/carboxylate-free MOF system. In addition to a ligand to metal energy transfer (LMET) from the lowest ligand-centered triplet state of 4,4'-bipyridine, a metal to metal energy transfer (MMET) between 4f-levels from Tb3+ to Eu3+ is as well vital for the emission colour. However, no involvement of Gd3+ in energy transfers is observed rendering it a suitable host lattice ion and connectivity centre for diluting the other two rare earth ions in the solid state. The materials retain their luminescence during activation of the MOFs for microporosity

    Display blindness? Looking again at the visibility of situated displays using eye tracking

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    Observational studies of situated displays have suggested that they are rarely looked at, and when they are it is typically only for a short period of time. Using a mobile eye tracker during a realistic shopping task in a shopping center, we show that people look at displays more than would be predicted from these observational studies, but still only short glances and often from quite far away. We characterize the patterns of eye-movements that precede looking at a display and discuss some of the design implications for the design of situated display technologies that are deployed in public space

    Profils et taux de renouvellement en minéraux dans le pré-estomac de dromadaires pâturant en diverses saisons au Kenya

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    Les volumes et les taux de renouvellement du liquide des pré-estomacs ont été mesurés sur quatre dromadaires adultes fistulés entretenus sur pâturage dans les savanes arbustives à épineux du Kenya. Simultanément, les concentrations en minéraux et leur renouvellement ont été déterminés dans les compartiments C1 (rumen) et C2 (réseau). Les études ont été menées durant la saison humide et durant la saison sèche ; les comportements alimentaires ont été observés pour déterminer les régimes. Les volumes du liquide du pré-estomac n’étaient pas différents d’une saison à l’autre mais les taux de renouvellement du liquide étaient beaucoup plus bas en saison sèche. Les profils de concentration en minéraux Na, K, Ca, Mg et en phosphore inorganique variaient dans la journée selon les différents régimes alimentaires et probablement la production de salive. Le renouvellement journalier des cinq minéraux, dans les pré-estomacs a diminué durant la saison sèche

    Generalised Regression Hypothesis Induction for Energy Consumption Forecasting

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    This work addresses the problem of energy consumption time series forecasting. In our approach, a set of time series containing energy consumption data is used to train a single, parameterised prediction model that can be used to predict future values for all the input time series. As a result, the proposed method is able to learn the common behaviour of all time series in the set (i.e., a fingerprint) and use this knowledge to perform the prediction task, and to explain this common behaviour as an algebraic formula. To that end, we use symbolic regression methods trained with both single- and multi-objective algorithms. Experimental results validate this approach to learn and model shared properties of different time series, which can then be used to obtain a generalised regression model encapsulating the global behaviour of different energy consumption time series.This work was supported by the Spanish Government (research project TIN201564776-C3-1-R). M. Molina-Solana was funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 743623

    Chaos in Axially Symmetric Potentials with Octupole Deformation

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    Classical and quantum mechanical results are reported for the single particle motion in a harmonic oscillator potential which is characterized by a quadrupole deformation and an additional octupole deformation. The chaotic character of the motion is srongly dependent on the quadrupole deformation in that for a prolate deformation virtually no chaos is discernible while for the oblate case the motion shows strong chaos when the octupole term is turned on.Comment: 6 pages LaTex plus 4 figures available by contacting the authors directly, published in PHYS.REV.LETT. 72(1994) 235
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