725 research outputs found
Ferromagnetic ordering of linearly coordinated Co ions in LiSr[CoN]
LiSr[CoN] single crystals were successfully grown out of Li-rich
flux. Temperature- and field-dependent measurements of the magnetization in the
range of K and up to T as well as
measurements of the heat capacity are presented. Ferromagnetic ordering emerges
below K and comparatively large coercivity fields of
T as well as pronounced anisotropy are observed upon cooling. Polycrystalline
samples of the Ca analog LiCa[CoN] were obtained and investigated in a
similar way. In both compounds Co manifests orbital contributions to the
magnetic moment and large single-ion anisotropy that is caused by second-order
Spin-orbit coupling. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal a magnetic
anisotropy energy of 7 meV, twice as large as the values reported for similar
Co systems.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, 5 table
Canonical formalism for simplicial gravity
We summarise a recently introduced general canonical formulation of discrete
systems which is fully equivalent to the covariant formalism. This framework
can handle varying phase space dimensions and is applied to simplicial gravity
in particular.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, based on a talk given at Loops '11 in Madrid, to
appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS
Survey of recent situation of chromosome pathology in different breeds of german cattle
International audienc
From 'nothing' to inflation and back again
A procedure for solving Wheeler-DeWitt equation in Euclidean region,
following step by step the construction of tunneling wave function in
nonrelativistic quantum mechanics by Banks, Bender and Wu, is proposed.
Solutions for a universe satisfying no-boundary condition and a universe
created from 'nothing' are compared to the corresponding solutions for a
particle in a two-dimensional potential well, and effects of indefiniteness of
metric and zero energy in Wheeler-DeWitt equation are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, presented at the conference Relativity and Gravitation, 100
years after Einstein in Prague (Prague 2012
Spectral Orbits and Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of Boolean Functions with respect to the {I,H,N}^n Transform
We enumerate the inequivalent self-dual additive codes over GF(4) of
blocklength n, thereby extending the sequence A090899 in The On-Line
Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences from n = 9 to n = 12. These codes have a
well-known interpretation as quantum codes. They can also be represented by
graphs, where a simple graph operation generates the orbits of equivalent
codes. We highlight the regularity and structure of some graphs that correspond
to codes with high distance. The codes can also be interpreted as quadratic
Boolean functions, where inequivalence takes on a spectral meaning. In this
context we define PAR_IHN, peak-to-average power ratio with respect to the
{I,H,N}^n transform set. We prove that PAR_IHN of a Boolean function is
equivalent to the the size of the maximum independent set over the associated
orbit of graphs. Finally we propose a construction technique to generate
Boolean functions with low PAR_IHN and algebraic degree higher than 2.Comment: Presented at Sequences and Their Applications, SETA'04, Seoul, South
Korea, October 2004. 17 pages, 10 figure
Cut it out: Out-of-plane stresses in cell sheet folding of Volvox embryos
The folding of cellular monolayers pervades embryonic development and
disease. It results from stresses out of the plane of the tissue, often caused
by cell shape changes including cell wedging via apical constriction. These
local cellular changes need not however be compatible with the global shape of
the tissue. Such geometric incompatibilities lead to residual stresses that
have out-of-plane components in curved tissues, but the mechanics and function
of these out-of-plane stresses are poorly understood, perhaps because their
quantification has proved challenging. Here, we overcome this difficulty by
combining laser ablation experiments and a mechanical model to reveal that such
out-of-plane residual stresses exist and also persist during the inversion of
the spherical embryos of the green alga Volvox. We show how to quantify the
mechanical properties of the curved tissue from its unfurling on ablation, and
reproduce the tissue shape sequence at different developmental timepoints
quantitatively by our mechanical model. Strikingly, this reveals not only clear
mechanical signatures of out-of-plane stresses associated with cell shape
changes away from those regions where cell wedging bends the tissue, but also
indicates an adaptive response of the tissue to these stresses. Our results
thus suggest that cell sheet folding is guided mechanically not only by cell
wedging, but also by out-of-plane stresses from these additional cell shape
changes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures; Supporting Information: 10 pages, 2 figure
Hidden magnetic order in CuNCN
We report a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the
quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet CuNCN. Based on magnetization measurements
above room temperature as well as muon spin rotation and electron spin
resonance measurements, we unequivocally establish the localized Cu+2-based
magnetism and the magnetic transition around 70 K, both controversially
discussed in the previous literature. Thermodynamic data conform to the
uniform-spin-chain model with a nearest-neighbor intrachain coupling of about
2300 K, in remarkable agreement with the microscopic magnetic model based on
density functional theory band-structure calculations. Using exact
diagonalization and the coupled-cluster method, we derive a collinear
antiferromagnetic order with a strongly reduced ordered moment of about 0.4
mu_B, indicating strong quantum fluctuations inherent to this
quasi-one-dimensional spin system. We re-analyze the available
neutron-scattering data, and conclude that they are not sufficient to resolve
or disprove the magnetic order in CuNCN. By contrast, spectroscopic techniques
indeed show signatures of long-range magnetic order below 70 K, yet with a
rather broad distribution of internal field probed by implanted muons. We
contemplate the possible structural origin of this effect and emphasize
peculiar features of the microstructure studied with synchrotron powder x-ray
diffraction.Comment: 17 pages, 17 figures, 1 tabl
Quantitative and qualitative biogenic silicon analyses combining modern microscopical and spectroscopical methods
Numerous organisms comprising pro- and eukaryotes are evolutionarily adapted to synthesize siliceous structures (biosilicification). In terrestrial biogeosystems biogenic silicon (BSi) accumulation of phytogenic (BSi synthesized by plants), protistic (diatoms and testate amoeba), microbial (bacteria and fungi) and zoogenic (sponges) origin results in formation of corresponding BSi pools. Accumulation and recycling of BSi in terrestrial ecosystems influence fluxes of dissolved Si from the continents to the oceans, thus act as a filter in the global Si cycle. Although the biogenic control mechanism especially of phytogenic Si pools (phytoliths) has been generally recognized since decades quantitative information on other terrestrial BSi pools is rare. Additionally, information on physicochemical properties of the various siliceous structures are needed to better understand their dissolution kinetics. We used modern microscopical (laser scanning microscopy, LSM; Scanning electron microscopy with coupled energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, SEM-EDX) and spectroscopical (micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro-FTIR) methods for quantitative and qualitative analyses of BSi structures. LSM was used to measure volumes and surface areas of BSi structures and corresponding surface-area-to-volume ratios (A:V ratios) were calculated as an indicator for the resistibility of these siliceous structures against dissolution. Volume measurements were also used for the quantification of BSi pools by multiplication of corresponding volumes with BSi density. SEM-EDX analyses provided information on the elemental composition of different BSi structures and with the help of micro-FTIR we were able to gain specific information about chemical bonding and molecular structures of BSi. These information will help us to understand in detail dissolution kinetics of various siliceous structures, thus their role in Si cycling
Effective relational dynamics
We provide a synopsis of an effective approach to the problem of time in the
semiclassical regime. The essential features of this new approach to evaluating
relational quantum dynamics in constrained systems are illustrated by means of
a simple toy model.Comment: 4 pages, based on a talk given at Loops '11 in Madrid, to appear in
Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS
Zytogenetische befunde bei angeborenen anomalien des zentralnervensystems des rindes
International audienc
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