Facteurs associés à la détresse psychologique des étudiants: mieux comprendre pour mieux intervenir

PAREA n°PA-2016-006La présente recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supérieur dans le cadre du Programme d'aide à la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA).Comprend des références bibliographiques

L’acquisition du vocabulaire chez les jeunes enfants au Québec : le rôle de l’environnement familial et économique

Cette étude s’intéresse aux facteurs associés à l’acquisition du vocabulaire réceptif des enfants d’âge préscolaire en examinant plus spécifiquement la relation entre diverses caractéristiques de l’environnement familial et économique dans lequel les enfants grandissent. Les analyses de cette étude reposent sur les données de l’Étude longitudinale du développement des enfants du Québec (ÉLDEQ), dont 1 782 enfants âgés d’environ 3 1/2 ans ont répondu à l’Échelle de vocabulaire en images Peabody (ÉVIP). Cette étude met d’abord en évidence le rôle de la précarité économique et des activités de stimulation des parents sur l’acquisition du vocabulaire réceptif chez les jeunes enfants. Elle fait également ressortir l’importance des données longitudinales prospectives pour mieux cerner ce qui, dans l’environnement familial et économique des enfants, peut contribuer à favoriser le développement des habiletés cognitives des enfants.This study addresses the factors associated with receptive vocabulary acquisition in children of preschool age. It specifically examines the link between various characteristics of the family and the economic environment in which children are growing up. The analyses in this study are based on data from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD), in which 1 782 children approximately 3½ years old were administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The study reveals the role of economic insecurity and parental stimulation activities in receptive vocabulary acquisition of toddlers. It also indicates the importance of prospective longitudinal data in gaining a better understanding of the family and economic factors that can help foster the development of cognitive skills in children

Toward dynamic pain expressions in avatars : perceived realism and pain level of diffrent action unit orders

The facial expression of pain can be decomposed in three sets of Action Units (AUs), the smallest discriminating facial movements: Brow lowering (B), Nose wrinkling + Upper lip raising (N), and Orbit tightening + Eyelid closure (O). This study compared the perception of realism and pain level from different onset orders of AUs in avatars. Seven videos of facial expressions of pain were created with four different avatars (2 women): six sequential onsets combining the three sets of AUs and one synchronized onset. 45 healthy adults (22 women; aged 23.6 ± 5.2 years) rated the realism of facial movements, and the level of intensity and unpleasantness of perceived pain. A more realistic expression was associated with the onset of O before or at the same time as N, a more intense expression was associated when B occurred last, and a higher level of unpleasantness was associated with the onset of N before B. Therefore, the sequence ONB yielded the highest ratings on both measures of realism and pain levels. These findings describe the perceived content of different orders of facial movements that could contribute to the creation of realistic pain-expressing virtual agents designed to study human-computer interactions

A genomic approach to understand interactions between Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophages

Background: Bacteriophage replication depends on bacterial proteins and inactivation of genes coding for such host factors should interfere with phage infection. To gain further insights into the interactions between S. pneumoniae and its pneumophages, we characterized S. pneumoniae mutants selected for resistance to the virulent phages SOCP or Dp-1. Results: S. pneumoniae R6-SOCPR and R6-DP1R were highly resistant to the phage used for their selection and no cross-resistance between the two phages was detected. Adsorption of SOCP to R6-SOCPR was partly reduced whereas no difference in Dp-1 adsorption was noted on R6-DP1R . The replication of SOCP was completely inhibited in R6-SOCPR while Dp-1 was severely impaired in R6-DP1R . Genome sequencing identified 8 and 2 genes mutated in R6-SOCPR and R6-DP1R , respectively. Resistance reconstruction in phage-sensitive S. pneumoniae confirmed that mutations in a GntR-type regulator, in a glycerophosphoryl phosphodiesterase and in a Mur ligase were responsible for resistance to SOCP. The three mutations were additive to increase resistance to SOCP. In contrast, resistance to Dp-1 in R6-DP1R resulted from mutations in a unique gene coding for a type IV restriction endonuclease. Conclusion: The characterization of mutations conferring resistance to pneumophages highlighted that diverse host genes are involved in the replication of phages from different families

Complete genome sequence of streptococcus pneumoniae virulent phage MS1

The lytic Streptococcus pneumoniae phage MS1 was isolated from a throat swab of a patient with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. The genome of this siphophage has 56,075 bp, 42.3% GC content, and 77 open reading frames, including queuosine biosynthesis genes. Phage MS1 is related to pneumococcal phage Dp-1

Initial characterization of the CDP2Cux2 protein

The CDP1 (CCAAT-d isplacement protein 1) and cux1 (Cut homeobox1 ) genes were originally identified as the human and mouse orthologs of Drosophila melanogaster cut.To begin to characterize the CDP2/Cux2 protein, I generated a number of reagents to analyze its expression and activity. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained by injecting rabbits with glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins containing antigenic regions of the Cux2 protein. The antibodies were then characterized in Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). In total, 5 antibodies were produced against different regions of Cux2. These antibodies were able to specifically recognize CDP2 and Cux2 but not CDP1 or Cux1. Expression of the Cux2 protein was found in only one among 19 neuronal cell lines: the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Histidine-tagged fusion protein containing various combinations of Cut repeats and Cut homeodomain were generated to investigate the DNA binding properties of CDP2/Cux2. The CR1CR2, CR2CR3HD and CR3HD domains were found to exhibit similar DNA binding specificities as the corresponding domains of CDP1/Cux2, however, analysis of DNA binding kinetics revealed that all of these combinations of domains made rapid but transient interactions with DNA. Mammalian expression vectors were engineered with epitope tags at the N- and C-termini of CDP2/Cux2. The full-length protein was found to localize in the nucleus and also to make a rapid but transient interaction with DNA. In contrast to CDP1/Cux1, the CDP2/Cux2 protein did not appear to be subject to specific proteolytic processing

Les dettes d'études : y voir clair! /

Bibliogr.: p. 71-7

Development and feasibility of a group cognitive-behavioral therapy for fear of cancer recurrence

This paper describes the development, content, and preliminary results of a group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). A manualized CBT intervention was developed and offered to 38 patients with various cancer types and stages in two hospitals. Four weekly group CBT sessions were administered by two licensed psychologists as part of routine care. Patients completed self-report scales before the first treatment session and, a second time, 1 month after the last session. Overall, 33 patients had clinical levels of FCR at baseline. The participants’ satisfaction toward the group CBT for FCR was high. Significant reductions on the total score and most subscales of the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI) were observed, as well as significant improvements on most of the other psychological variables measured (i.e., insomnia, anxiety, depression, dysfunctional beliefs about cancer, and intolerance of uncertainty). In addition, 52% of the patients with clinical levels of FCR (FCRI-severity subscale score ≥ 13) at baseline no longer reached this clinical threshold at posttreatment. These preliminary results suggest that our group CBT for FCR is well accepted and feasible, and shows promising efficacy for decreasing FCR and improving other psychological variables among cancer patients. The next step is to investigate the efficacy of this minimal intervention in larger and controlled clinical trials, as well as its usefulness as part of a stepped care approach. This low-cost intervention is easy to implement in various clinical settings and has a strong potential to help large numbers of patients with FCR

L'Estuaire, vol. 23 (2)

Éditorial -- Les cendres du passé, un souvenir brûlant : l'incendie de Rimouski -- René Michaud. Souvenirs maritimes -- William Purcell, le dernier soldat du fort Ingall -- La vie à la petite école du rang -- Rimouski au temps d'Adèle Lamontagne 1858-1875 (partie 2). La transition entre village et ville -- Chroniques rimouskoises: La famille d'Ulric J. Tessier -- La pêche au fer -- Vieux écrits: Le dur métier de pêcheur en Gaspésie au milieu du XIXe siècle -- Nouvelles brèves -- Des livres à lire