Food portion at ages 8–11 and obesogeny: the amount of food given to children varies with the mother's education and the child's appetite arousal

During childhood, the amount of food consumed, associated with adiposity and overweight risk, depends mainly on the amount of food that is served, especially by parents. This study focuses on the food amount served by parents (“Portion”), with two objectives: 1/to confirm (or not) its link with the food amount eaten (“Intake”) by their child; 2/to identify some of its correlates, i.e., maternal education, and child's appetite arousal. Five hundred and three French children aged between 8 and 11 years and one of their parents completed different self-administrated questionnaires online. Results indicated that Portion and Intake were highly correlated, and that mothers with lower levels of education gave larger portions to their child, especially if he/she had a high appetite arousal. Moreover, these mothers, compared to others, were more concerned by taste preferences and less by health with regard to their child's diet. Such differences in taste and health considerations may contribute to underlie the educational inequality in food portion size

Consumption of whole grains in French children, adolescents and adults

The consumption of whole grain foods is associated with many nutritional, health and weight control benefits. The present study assessed whole grain intake in France on the basis of a 7d dietary survey in a representative sample of children, adolescents and adults (Comportements et Consommations Alimentaires en France 2010 survey). Special care was taken to identify and assess the intake of all whole grains. All foods consumed were considered, with no lower limit on whole grain content. For the majority of foods, details regarding the whole grain contents were obtained from brand information and quantitative nutrient declarations on food labels. Over half of the respondents reported never consuming any whole grain. In participants who did, consumption levels were very low (about 9·1g/d in children and 14·4g/d in adults). The main food sources of whole grains were breakfast cereals in children and adolescents and bread in adults. Consumers of whole grains had higher daily intakes of fibre and several vitamins and minerals than non-consumers. In adults but not in children, the OR for overweight/obesity decreased significantly as the level of whole grain consumption increased. Although a majority of French consumers comply with the national recommendation to consume a starchy food with each meal, they do so with minimal consumption of whole grain food

Évolution des comportements alimentaires : le rôle des générations

In order to evaluate the changes in French eating habits and to anticipate future changes, this article proposes to record and analyse consumption through a model named Age-Period-Cohort. This model correlates aging and/ or cohort effects with income, urban area size and kind of the household. In conclusion, there seems to be a trend towards meals being prepared more hastily and they are therefore more simplistic in content : Generally two course meals. We can not speak about breakdown of the meals composition, rather, it is the overall change in type and style of consumption. Overall, there is one trend in particular that has been detected through the use of the Age-Period-Cohort model, it shows that younger generations are much less likely to take dinner at a regular fixed time compared to predecessors.Pour étudier les modifications du modèle alimentaire français et anticiper l’évolution des comportements alimentaires dans les années à venir, cet article propose de mesurer les forces de l’habitude au travers d’un modèle Âge-Période-Cohorte. Celui-ci permet d’établir l’existence des effets d’âge et/ ou de cohorte et de les isoler à partir des variables de revenu, de taille d’agglomération ou encore de nature du ménage. Nous concluons à l’existence d’effets de cohorte qui se traduisent par une diminution de la durée de préparation des repas et une simplification de leur composition : repas à deux composantes ou plateaux-repas. On ne peut pas parler de déstructuration des repas, mais seulement d’un changement du modèle alimentaire. La seule tendance à la déstructuration décelée au travers de la lecture du modèle Âge-Période-Cohorte est celle de la déstructuration temporelle : les jeunes générations prennent de moins en moins souvent leur dîner à heure fixe.Recours Fanette, Hébel Pascale. Évolution des comportements alimentaires : le rôle des générations. In: Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales, N°82-83, 1er et 2e trimestres 2007. Génération, Santé et Alimentation. pp. 79-108

Sources of difficulty in Assessment : Exemple of PISA Science items.

International audienc

Sources of difficulty in Assessment : Exemple of PISA Science items.

International audienc

Breakfast Consumption in French Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey Examined in the Context of the International Breakfast Research Initiative

This study examines the consumption of breakfast on the basis of a 7-day dietary record (Comportements et Consommations Alimentaires en France 2012–2013) in a representative sample of French children (n = 426), adolescents (n = 250), and adults (n = 1045). A large majority of the participants were regular consumers of breakfast (5–7 times per week). Breakfast accounted for 17.6% of total daily energy (339.4 kcal). Breakfast was rich in carbohydrates (24% of total daily intake) and simple sugars (31% of total daily intake). Relative to its contribution in daily energy intake, breakfast contributed higher proportions in the daily intake of many vitamins (B, C), and minerals (calcium, iron, iodine, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium). The main foods/beverages contributing to breakfast changed with age, with increasing contributions of non-wholegrain “bread and toasts” and “fruits”, and a decreasing contribution of milk. Better quality of the diet, as measured by tertiles of the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3, was associated with higher intakes of cereal products (bread and breakfast cereals, particularly wholegrain), dairy (milk, fresh dairy), and fruit at breakfast. In conclusion, breakfast is regularly consumed in France and contributes significantly to diet quality but could be improved in terms of content in fiber and protein

Consommation alimentaire et apports nutritionnels chez les femmes allaitantes, en France

Une bonne alimentation pendant la période d’allaitement est un facteur important pour la santé optimale des femmes et de leur enfant. Pour autant, aucune évaluation nutritionnelle n’a été effectuée sur cette population spécifique. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer pour la première fois l’apport alimentaire et nutritionnel de femmes allaitantes vivant en France métropolitaine et d’évaluer son adéquation avec les recommandations locales. L’étude s’est déroulée entre septembre et octobre 2014 sur un échantillon de 250 femmes allaitantes. La majorité des participantes étaient âgées entre 25 et 34 ans (71,5 %), avaient un niveau d’étude supérieur (bac + 1 ou plus) (60,2 %) et étaient mariées ou vivent maritalement (94,9 %). Les données de consommations alimentaires ont été recueillies avec un carnet de consommation alimentaire de 7 jours consécutifs. La majorité des participantes a renseigné le carnet sur 7 jours consécutifs (88 %). Le rythme alimentaire des participantes suit le modèle traditionnel français avec 3 repas principaux. Les participantes ingèrent en moyenne 2056 ± 51,6 g/j d’aliments et de boissons, dont plus de la moitié sous forme liquide 1168,4 ± 42,6 mL/j. L’apport moyen en eau est de 617,6 ± 36,5 mL/j. Un faible pourcentage de participantes a suivi les recommandations nutritionnelles en fruits et légumes, produits laitiers et produits céréaliers. L’apport énergétique moyen est de 1669,2 ± 32,8 kcal/j, 80 % des femmes allaitantes sont en dessous des recommandations. L’apport en protéines représente 16 % de l’apport énergétique total sans alcool. La moyenne totale d’apport de matières grasses s’élève à 66,2 ± 1,5 g/j, valeur inférieure aux recommandations. L’apport en acides gras essentiels est inférieur aux recommandations pour la quasi-totalité des femmes. L’étude suggère l’existence d’une inadéquation des apports alimentaires et nutritionnels et une faible observance des recommandations du PNNS et des Apports Nutritionnels Conseillés (ANC) chez des femmes allaitantes