Bilan des connaissances actuelles sur la cicatrisation des plaies cutanées chez le chien et le chat

Les plaies cutanées constituent un motif de consultation majeur en clientèle canine. L auteur présente d abord les principales caractéristiques de la peau des chiens et chats et s attarde sur les particularités ayant des conséquences sur les plaies. Les plaies sont ensuite abordées dans leur grande diversité clinique et étiologique puis leur évolution physiologique est décrite. Les aspects de la cicatrisation sont à la fois étudiés sur un plan microscopique et macroscopique. Après avoir décrit les complications, l auteur présente les principaux facteurs pouvant altérer la cicatrisation, comme les affections pathologiques ou les traitements associés. L auteur aborde enfin le traitement des plaies. Les traitements classiques sont décrits de la réception de l animal à la cicatrisation complète. Les traitements plus récents ou alternatifs sont aussi présentés. Les connaissances sur la cicatrisation continuent d évoluer, l auteur a tenté d en réaliser un bilan complet et actuel

“We’re running out of fuel”: When does miscommunication go unrepaired?

We introduce a framework for studying repair initiation in the face of miscommunication. Our aim is to seed development of models that both predict when conversational repair is a likely communicative strategy, and explain why interlocutors would not engage in repair in the face of conversational difficulty. We identify three factors as critical to the predictability of repair: (i) the extent to which a misalignment is (un)recognised by participants (ignorance); (ii) the significance of misalignment relative to some cluster of goals (cost of misalignment); and (iii) the significance of engaging in repair relative to some cluster of goals (cost of repair). We offer a simple method for graphically depicting relevant aspects of communicative situations, and exemplify the framework with examples of non-repaired miscommunication before discussing its applicability to different empirical domains

PIV and LDV evidence of hydrodynamic instability over a liner in a duct with flow

a b s t r a c t The acoustical behavior and the flow in a rectangular lined channel with grazing flow have been investigated. The liner consists of a ceramic structure of parallel square channels and is locally reacting. In the absence of flow, the liner has a classical behavior: the acoustic transmission coefficient has a minimum at the resonance frequency of the resonators. When the Mach number of the grazing flow increases, the material behavior becomes unclassical in the sense that its acoustic transmission increases strongly around the resonance frequency. To connect this behavior with flow features, the flow itself in the vicinity of a liner has been measured by means of laser velocimetry. Periodic structures have been observed along the liner that are phase-locked with the incident sound wave. The axial and transverse velocity of these structures bear the typical features of an instability. In particular, the wavelength, convection speed, and growth rate are given. This is the first time that an aeroacoustic instability resulting from the interaction of flow and sound over a liner is measured

Construction of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Using a Wild Synthetic and QTL Mapping for Plant Morphology

Abstract Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are powerful QTL mapping populations that have been used to elucidate the molecular basis of interesting traits of wild species. Cultivated peanut is an allotetraploid with limited genetic diversity. Capturing the genetic diversity from peanut wild relatives is an important objective in many peanut breeding programs. In this study, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing strategy to produce a population of 122 CSSLs from the cross between the wild synthetic allotetraploid (A. ipaënsis6A. duranensis) 4x and the cultivated Fleur11 variety. The 122 CSSLs offered a broad coverage of the peanut genome, with target wild chromosome segments averaging 39.2 cM in length. As a demonstration of the utility of these lines, four traits were evaluated in a subset of 80 CSSLs. A total of 28 lines showed significant differences from Fleur11. The line6trait significant associations were assigned to 42 QTLs: 14 for plant growth habit, 15 for height of the main stem, 12 for plant spread and one for flower color. Among the 42 QTLs, 37 were assigned to genomic regions and three QTL positions were considered putative. One important finding arising from this QTL analysis is that peanut growth habit is a complex trait that is governed by several QTLs with different effects. The CSSL population developed in this study has proved efficient for deciphering the molecular basis of trait variations and will be useful to the peanut scientific community for future QTL mapping studies

Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Atmosphere

International audienceWith the Arctic rapidly changing, the needs to observe, understand, and model the changes are essential. To support these needs, an annual cycle of observations of atmospheric properties, processes, and interactions were made while drifting with the sea ice across the central Arctic during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the comprehensive program to document and characterize all aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system in unprecedented detail, using a variety of approaches, and across multiple scales. These measurements were coordinated with other observational teams to explore crosscutting and coupled interactions with the Arctic Ocean, sea ice, and ecosystem through a variety of physical and biogeochemical processes. This overview outlines the breadth and complexity of the atmospheric research program, which was organized into 4 subgroups: atmospheric state, clouds and precipitation, gases and aerosols, and energy budgets. Atmospheric variability over the annual cycle revealed important influences from a persistent large-scale winter circulation pattern, leading to some storms with pressure and winds that were outside the interquartile range of past conditions suggested by long-term reanalysis. Similarly, the MOSAiC location was warmer and wetter in summer than the reanalysis climatology, in part due to its close proximity to the sea ice edge.The comprehensiveness of the observational program for characterizing and analyzing atmospheric phenomena is demonstrated via a winter case study examining air mass transitions and a summer case study examining vertical atmospheric evolution. Overall, the MOSAiC atmospheric program successfully met its objectives and was the most comprehensive atmospheric measurement program to date conducted over the Arctic sea ice. The obtained data will support a broad range of coupled-system scientific research and provide an important foundation for advancing multiscale modeling capabilities in the Arctic