Zur generalpräventiven Abschreckungswirkung des Strafrechts: Befunde einer Metaanalyse

'Vielfach wird angenommen, dass Strafdrohungen potentielle Täter von der Tatbegehung abschrecken. Die Richtigkeit dieser Theorie wird jedoch bezweifelt. Zahlreiche empirische Untersuchungen haben unterschiedliche Ergebnisse erzielt. In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Metaanalyse beschrieben, die versucht, die Gründe für die unterschiedlichen Befunde zu ermitteln. Erste Auswertungen deuten darauf hin, dass die Untersuchungsmethoden die Ergebnisse beeinflussen und eine mögliche Abschreckungswirkung des Strafrechts nur mit einem differenzierten Modell angemessen erfasst werden kann.' (Autorenreferat)'It is supposed that threats of punishment deter potential criminals from committing crimes. The correctness of this theory is, however, questionable. Numerous empirical investigations have come to different results. In this article a meta-analysis is described which tries to find out the reasons for the different results. First evaluations indicate that the methods of research have an influence on the results and that a possible deterring effect of the penal law can only be covered reasonably with a very differentiating model.' (author's abstract)

Simulation-Based Resilience Quantification of an Indoor Ultrasound Localization System in the Presence of Disruptions

Time difference of arrival (TDOA) based indoor ultrasound localization systems are prone to multiple disruptions and demand reliable, and resilient position accuracy during operation. In this challenging context, a missing link to evaluate the performance of such systems is a simulation approach to test their robustness in the presence of disruptions. This approach cannot only replace experiments in early phases of development but could also be used to study susceptibility, robustness, response, and recovery in case of disruptions. The paper presents a simulation framework for a TDOA-based indoor ultrasound localization system and ways to introduce different types of disruptions. This framework can be used to test the performance of TDOA-based localization algorithms in the presence of disruptions. Resilience quantification results are presented for representative disruptions. Based on these quantities, it is found that localization with arc-tangent cost function is approximately 30% more resilient than the linear cost function. The simulation approach is shown to apply to resilience engineering and can be used to increase the efficiency and quality of indoor localization methods