Environmental aspects of Hungarian consumers’ food choice

Enhancing of environmental awareness is not just a local aim, is a global priority that will contribute to ensuring a sustainable future. As one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations as well as among the key areas of the FOOD2030 priorities, sustainable and healthy diets have to be promoted both locally and globally. Even the environmental aspects are not the leading elements of the Hungarian consumers’ food choice (Törőcsik, 2009; Hofmeister-Tóth et al., 2011) and the rate of the most committed consumer group to sustainability is almost 8% (Lehota et al., 2014), the level of awareness is constantly rising (Dudás, 2011; Gulyás, 2017). In order to support this process identification of the intervention points is essential. Thus the aim of the present paper was to examine the appearance of the environmental factors in Hungarian consumers’ food choice decisions and their relation to the level of healthy lifestyle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Quantitative Estimation of the Ratio of GABA-Immunoreactive Cells in Neocortical Grafts

Somatosensory anlage from 17-18 day old rat embryos were transplanted in place of the removed barrel cortex in adult rats. Six to eight months after transplantation, the grafts were either completely separated by glial scar or partly separated and partly confluent with the host neocortex. Each was studied histologically and immunostained for GABA. It was found that in partly confluent grafts the neuronal density was similar or even higher than in the host cortex, while the cell number in the separate grafts was much lower than in the nearby host cortex. The number of GABA-positive cells, however, was in all grafts significantly lower (2.9% on average) than in the normal cortex (11.8% on average).The decline in GABA-stained nerve cells was highest in separated grafts, but was somewhat less marked in transplants partly confluent with the host tissue. The possible role of partial or total deafferentation as well as the relative vulnerability of the transplanted tissue by temporary hypoxia and other metabolic disturbances are discussed as the probable factors in selective decline of GABA-ergic cells in the transplanted somatosensory cortex

Age-Related Loss of GABA-Positive and GABA-Negative Neurons in Neocortical Transplants

The numerical density of GABA immunopositive and GABA immunonegative neurons was quantitatively determined in 0, 12, 30 and 90 day-old neocortical transplants, derived from E17 rat embryos and transplanted into adult hosts. It was found that the original, very high neuronal density in the fetal transplant declined steadily after transplantation to the somatosensory cortex of adult rat. The decline in numerical density of GABA-positive neurons, however, was disproportionately larger than that of GABA-negative nerve cells: At 90 days the proportion of GABA-positive cells was 2.3% (in contrast to the 11.8% in the adult host cortex). The density of GABA-negative neurons, on the other hand, remained slightly higher than comparable values in the control cortex. The decline in density Of GABA-positive neurons was continuous until the 90th post-transplantation day, while final, close to normal density values of GABA-negative nerve cells were already reached in 30 day-old grafts, with no significant change afterwards

From Anti-equilibrium to The Socialist System and Beyond

This essay attempts to understand János Kornai’s works from a political economy perspective. It argues that Kornai has significantly contributed to the formation of a new paradigm of political economy. The main endeavor of Kornai has been the combination of analytical concepts of economics with the empirical description of real economies. After a certain period of theoretical experimentation János Kornai formulated his research program that can be called the shortage economy explanation of the socialist system. The Economics of Shortage and The Socialist System have created a new theoretical paradigm in a framework in which it has become possible to establish a connection between the analytical and empirical, universal and historical aspects of the theory studying the socialist system as a real economic entity. János Kornai has built his analysis of the socialist system on the primary role of politics in the creation of economic institutions. In his present work on capitalism he has extended this thesis to the capitalist system. This seems to be an important contribution of his to a new political economy paradigm that is just in the process of formation

Receptive field atlas and related CNN models

In this paper we demonstrate the potential of the cellular nonlinear/neural network paradigm (CNN) that of the analogic cellular computer architecture (called CNN Universal Machine | CNN-UM) in modeling different parts and aspects of the nervous system. The structure of the living sensory systems and the CNN share a lot of features in common: local interconnections ("receptive field architecture"), nonlinear and delayed synapses for the processing tasks, the potentiality of feedback and using the advantages of both the analog and logic signal-processing mode. The results of more than ten years of cooperative work of many engineers and neurobiologists have been collected in an atlas: what we present here is a kind of selection from these studies emphasizing the exibility of the CNN computing: visual, tactile and auditory modalities are concerned

Polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical and laboratory evaluation

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinically, and with laboratory, tests, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). PATIENTS: One hundred and twelve women with PCO were studied. METHODS: The following data was recorded: Current age; age at menarche; menstrual irregularity, occurrence of similar cases in the family; fertility, obstetric history; body mass index (BMI); and presence of hirsutism. Serum measurements of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, free testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were taken. RESULTS: All patients presented either oligomenorrhea (31 percent), periods of secondary amenorrhea (9 percent), or both alterations (60 percent). The majority of the patients were infertile (75.6 percent). The LH/FSH ratio was higher than 2:1 in 55 percent of the patients and higher than 3:1 in 26.2 percent. The ultrasonographic aspect of the ovaries was considered to be normal in 31 percent. CONCLUSION: The main clinical feature of the PCO is the irregularity of menses since menarche, and that the laboratory tests would be important to exclude other disorders such as hyperprolactinemia or hyperandrogenemia caused by late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar clinica e laboratorialmente mulheres com a síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). PACIENTES: Foram estudadas 112 mulheres com SOP. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos idade, idade da menarca, história menstrual, época do aparecimento da irregularidade menstrual, ocorrência de casos semelhantes na família, antecedentes obstétricos, índice de massa corpórea, e presença de hirsutismo. Foram realizadas as dosagens séricas de hormônio foliculo-estimulante (FSH), hormônio luteinizante (LH), prolactina, testosterona livre e de sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona. RESULTADOS: Todas as mulheres apresentavam espaniomenorréia (31 percent), períodos de amenorréia secundária (9 percent) ou ambas alterações (60 percent). A maioria era infértil (75,6 percent). A relação LH/FSH era maior que 3 em 26,2 percent e maior que 2 em 55,0 percent das mulheres. O aspecto ultra-sonográfico dos ovários era normal em 31 percent das mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: A principal característica clínica da SOP é a irregularidade menstrual desde a menarca e os exames de laboratório seriam importantes para afastar outras patologias como as síndromes hiperprolactinêmicas ou as deficiências enzimáticas tardias da supra-renal.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of GynecologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of GynecologySciEL

Electrophysiological Characterization of The Cerebellum in the Arterially Perfused Hindbrain and Upper Body of The Rat

In the present study, a non-pulsatile arterially perfused hindbrain and upper body rat preparation is described which is an extension of the brainstem preparation reported by Potts et al., (Brain Res Bull 53(1):59–67), 1. The modified in situ preparation allows study of cerebellar function whilst preserving the integrity of many of its interconnections with the brainstem, upper spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system of the head and forelimbs. Evoked mossy fibre, climbing fibre and parallel fibre field potentials and EMG activity elicited in forelimb biceps muscle by interpositus stimulation provided evidence that both cerebellar inputs and outputs remain operational in this preparation. Similarly, the spontaneous and evoked single unit activity of Purkinje cells, putative Golgi cells, molecular interneurones and cerebellar nuclear neurones was similar to activity patterns reported in vivo. The advantages of the preparation include the ability to record, without the complications of anaesthesia, stabile single unit activity for extended periods (3 h or more), from regions of the rat cerebellum that are difficult to access in vivo. The preparation should therefore be a useful adjunct to in vitro and in vivo studies of neural circuits underlying cerebellar contributions to movement control and motor learning