9-Benzyl-9H-carbazole

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H15N, contains two crystallographically independent mol­ecules. In both mol­ecules, the planar carbazole moieties [maximum deviations = 0.037 (4) and 0.042 (3) Å] are oriented with respect to the adjacent benzene rings, at dihedral angles of 85.29 (8) and 89.89 (7)°, respectively. In the crystal structure, weak C—H⋯π inter­actions are observed involving the carbazole rings

9-(4-Nitro­phenyl­sulfon­yl)-9H-carbazole

In the title mol­ecule, C18H12N2O4S, the carbazole skeleton is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.037 (1) Å] and is oriented at a dihedral angle of 73.73 (5)° with respect to the benzene ring. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond links a nitro O atom to the carbazole skeleton. In the crystal, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network. π–π contacts between inversion-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.7828 (8) Å] and two weak C—H⋯π inter­actions may also stabilize the structure

5-(3,6-Dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)penta­nenitrile

In the title compound, C17H14Br2N2, the carbazole skeleton is nearly planar [maximum deviation = 0.055 (2) Å]. In the crystal, aromatic π–π stacking is observed between parallel carbazole ring systems of adjacent mol­ecules, the shortest centroid–centroid distance between benzene rings being 3.4769 (11) Å

In Vitro Effects ofIvermectin and Sulphadiazine on Toxoplasma gondii

Objective: Ivermectin and sulphadiazine were tested individually to determine their in vitro effects on Toxoplasma gondii grown in human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell culture. Study Design: In-vitro study. Material and Methods: Toxoplasma growth was quantities by an enzyme immunoassay performed directly on the fixed cultures, using a rabbit anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G as the first antibody and a phosphatase-labeled anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G as the second antibody. For each drug, regression models were used to quantify the relationship between optical density values and antimicrobial agent concentrations in the cultures. Results: The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ivermectin and sulphadiazine were found to be 0.2 μg/mL and 7.3 μg/mL after 48 h of exposure, respectively. None of the concentrations tested for each drugs demonstrated toxicity to Hep-2 cells after 72 h of incubation. Conclusion: These results indicate that ivermectin significantly inhibited replication of the tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain

In Vitro Effects of Ivermectin and Sulphadiazine on Toxoplasma gondii

Objective: Ivermectin and sulphadiazine were tested individually to determine their in vitro effects on Toxoplasma gondii grown in human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell culture. Study Design: In-vitro study. Material and Methods: Toxoplasma growth was quantities by an enzyme immunoassay performed directly on the fixed cultures, using a rabbit anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G as the first antibody and a phosphatase-labeled anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G as the second antibody. For each drug, regression models were used to quantify the relationship between optical density values and antimicrobial agent concentrations in the cultures. Results: The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ivermectin and sulphadiazine were found to be 0.2 μg/mL and 7.3 μg/mL after 48 h of exposure, respectively. None of the concentrations tested for each drugs demonstrated toxicity to Hep-2 cells after 72 h of incubation. Conclusion: These results indicate that ivermectin significantly inhibited replication of the tachyzoites of T. gondii RH strain

A Patient with the Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis Presenting with Entamoeba histolytica and Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

Parasitic infections may be seen in ulcerative colitis patients. Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode which causes opportunistic infection involving the small bowel. The stool of a patient diagnosed and treated as ulcerative colitis for the last four years was examined and trophozoite forms of E. histolytica were determined. Metronidazole and diloxanide furoate were prescribed and four months after he had been discharged from the hospital, ulcerative colitis relapsed. Stool examination was repeated and E. histolytica cyst and trophozoite forms were seen. This time secnidazole and tetracycline were given. During this therapy, cyst forms of E. histolytica and rabditiform larvae of S. stercoralis were seen in control fecal examination. Albendazole was added to the treatment for three days. In the microscopic examination of the stool which was repeated two months later, no parasite forms were detected. In literature, there were no articles reporting ulcerative colitis associated with amebiosis and strongyloidosis. These results suggest that parasitologic examination of stool is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative colitis cases resistant to therapy

Large Rapidity Gap Method to Select Soft Diffraction Dissociation at the Lhc

In proton-proton (pp) collisions, any process involves exchanging the vacuum quantum numbers is known as diffractive process. A diffractive process with no large.. 2 is called soft diffractive process. The diffractive processes are important for understanding nonperturbative QCD effects and they also constitute a significant fraction of the total pp cross section. The diffractive events are typically characterized by a region of the detector without particles, known as a rapidity gap. In order to observe diffractive events in this way, we consider the pseudorapidity acceptance in the forward region of the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and discuss the methods to select soft diffractive dissociation for pp collisions at root s = 7TeV. It is shown that, in the limited detector rapidity acceptance, it is possible to select diffractive dissociation events by requiring a rapidity gap in the event; however, without using forward detectors, it seems not possible to fully separate single and double diffractive dissociation events. The Zero Degree Calorimeters can be used to distinguish the type of the diffractive processes up to a certain extent.WoSScopu