Date Seeds Steeping (Phoenix Dactylifera) Strengthen Sperm Cells Membrane and Reduce Malondialdehyde Level

Introduction: Infertility in men is becoming more frequent and are usually caused by high levels of free radicals as a result of diet, smoking or pollution. Oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidants, but a source of exogenous antioxidants are generally expensive. Date seed known contain a lot of antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of date seed steeping against MDA levels and sperm counts in rats model induced of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Method: This study was a pure experimental method using a post-test only with control group design. The treatments were grouped into 4 groups. Deglet Noor of date seed were used, washed and dried before roasting and smoothed. Sperm count is calculated in accordance research of Rahmanisa and Maisuri, (2013) and MDA examination with the C-18 method of TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances). Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and continued with post hoc test. Results: There were differences in MDA levels and sperm counts between various groups. Giving date seed steeping 10.5 mg/gBW can decrease malondialdehyde levels in experimental animals after MSG induced significantly. The number of sperm increased significantly after the experimental animals were given a dose of date seed steeping 10.5 mg / g. Discussion

Evaluation of Dietary Inorganic and Organic Selenium Sources on Immune Organ, Plasma Immunoglobulins, Blood Biochemical, and Performance of Broilers: A Meta-Analysis

The current meta-analysis aimed to estimate the effect of different selenium (Se) sources on immune organs, plasma immunoglobulins, blood profiles, and broiler performances. Related studies that met standard presence criteria were identified and mined from the Scopus database. The database was developed from 38 articles. Data were analyzed using the OpenMEE, considering the difference between organic selenium as fixed effects and different studies as random effects. This study showed that organic selenium feed supplementation improved the feed conversion ratio and increased the average daily feed intake and gain of broilers. Furthermore, the mortality of broilers fed organic Se was significantly lower than that of those fed inorganic Se. For the immune organ of the broiler, organic selenium feed supplement enhanced the thymus and spleen organs but did not affect the bursa organ. IgA and IgM were significantly higher in the broilers fed organic selenium feed; meanwhile, IgG of broilers fed organic selenium was lower than those fed inorganic selenium. The total protein blood concentration of broilers fed organic selenium was significantly higher than those fed inorganic Se. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference in the effects of selenium source on cholesterol. Triglyceride concentrations of broilers fed organic Se are significantly lower than those fed inorganic Se. The ratio of heterophile to lymphocyte in broilers fed organic Se is significantly lower than in those fed inorganic selenium. In conclusion, the organic selenium feed supplement can promote production performance and immune parameters of broilers