Determinan Pemberian Makanan Prelaktal pada Bayi Baru Lahir di Kelurahan Kebon Kelapa dan Ciwaringin, Kota Bogor (Determinants Of Prelacteal Feeding Among Newborn Babies In Kebon Kelapa And Ciwaringin Villages, Bogor)

Breast milk is the appropriate for babies for the first six months after birth. Although it has been known that exclusive breastfeeding has many benefits and encouraged by the government, but the proportion of exclusive breasfeeding is still low, including Bogor. One of the the reason for the failure in exclusive breastfeeding is the prelacteal feeding practice among newborn babies. This analysis was conducted to provide information on the determinants of prelacteal feeding practice in Kebon Kelapa and Ciwaringin Village in Bogor, in 2012. The data for this analysis was came from the child growth and development cohort study conducted in Kebon Kelapa and Ciwaringin, Bogor in 2012. Participants of the study were 91 mothers with her newborn babies. The data were analysed with descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis with chi square, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The results showed that mode of delivery, rooming-in care and time of breastfeeding after delivery were significantly associated with prelacteal feeding practice (p<0,05). The major determinant factor of prelacteal feeding practice was non rooming-in care (OR: 5.86; 95% CI: 1.17, 29.35) after controlling the time of breastfeeding after delivery. Postpartum mothers that not cared in the same room with the baby had risk 5.86 times for give the baby prelacteal food compared with postpartum mothers that cared in the same room with their baby. Mothers who breastfeed their baby more than 1 hour after delivery had risk of 4.87 times for give the baby prelacteal food compared with mothers who breastfeed less than 1 hour after delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the implementation of Baby Friendly Hospitals program in maternal and child health services, especially the implementation of rooming-in care for mother and child, so that the mother can breastfeed immediately after birth so that the baby does not need to be given food or prelacteal liquids. The government should provide strict sanctions for hospitals that have not held a rooming-in care for mother and child

Anemia Dan Anemia Gizi Besi Pada Kehamilan: Hubungannya Dengan Asupan Protein Dan Zat Gizi Mikro

Anemia masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan pada wanita hamil. Zat besi dianggap sebagai salah satu zat gizi mikro yang berperan terhadap terjadinya anemia. Kekurangan gizi besi dalam tingkat lanjut dapat menyebabkan anemia, yang disebut sebagai anemia gizi besi. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan antara asupan protein dan gizi mikro serta menghitung odd ratio (OR) kejadian anemia dan anemia gizi besi akibat asupan protein dan gizi mikro pada wanita hamil di lokasi studi. Analisis ini merupakan analisa dari data studi kohor Tumbuh Kembang anak pada tahun pertama, yang dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa dan Ciwaringin, Kota Bogor yang dianalisa menggunakan disainkasus kontrol. Sebanyak 47 ibu hamil menjadi sampel dalam analisa ini. Kategori untuk anemia yaitu apabila kadar hemoglobin (Hb) ibu hamil ≤11 g/dL. Kekurangan gizi besi dikategorikan apabila kadar serum transferrin reseptor (sTfR) diatas 4.4 mg/L. Sedangkan Anemia Gizi Besi dikategorikan apabila memiliki kadar Hb < 11 g/dL dan sTfr > 4.4 mg/L. Tes one way anova digunakan untuk menganalisa adanya perbedaan asupan energi, protein dan zat gizi mikro antara ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia, anemia gizi besi maupun yang normal. Odd ratio dianalisa dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Nilai signifikan ditentukan apabila nilai p value < 0.05 dan perhitungan OR> 1. 27.7% dari ibu hamil di lokasi studi mengalami anemia, 14.9% tergolong dalam anemia ringan, 10.6% anemia sedang dan 2.1% anemia berat. Anemia gizi besi dialami oleh 17% dari wanita hamil. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keparahan anemia dan terjadinya anemia gizi besi. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara asupan protein, besi, folate dan zink pada wanita yang mengalami anemia, anemia gizi besi maupun yang normal. Akan tetapi terdapat kecenderungan bahwa asupan zat besi dan seng pada ibu yang anemia dan anemia gizi besi lebih rendah daripada ibu yang normal. Anemia masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan pada ibu hamil, diantaranya merupakan anemia karena kekurangan zat besi. Semakin parah anemia maka akan semakin besar kemungkinan terjadinya anemia disebabkan oleh gizi besi. Ada kecenderungan kekurangan asupan besi dan seng pada ibu hamil akan berakibat pada anemia dan AGB, akan tetapi dalam analisis ini tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan

Pembuatan Briket Dari Bottom Ash Dan Arang Sekam Padi Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif ( Studi Kasus : Industri Tekstil X, Ungaran – Semarang )

Briquette is a fuel substitute that can be used as an alternative and renewable energy. Bottom ash including B3 waste materials are hazardous and toxic while rice husk is an agricultural waste both solid waste is not optimal reuse. The calorific value of each waste are bottom ash according Samadhi (2008) of 3324 cal/g and rice husk according to the Ministry of Agriculture (2010), 1 kg of rice husk has a calorific value of 3300 cal/g.In this case, waste bottom ash and rice husk deserves to be reused because it has a fairly high calorific value.This study wasconductedwith a variety ofcompositionsbetweenrice huskandbottom ashusinga comparison are100%:0%;80%:20%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%; 40%:60%; 20%:80%; 0%:100%.This study uses briquettes quality testing standards including : test characteristics include heating value, moisture content, ash content (residue) ; compressive strength test ; testing of air pollutants ; and heavy metal content test using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showedthat theoptimumvariation ofbriquettesisa variationof 80%rice huskand20% bottom ash, this briquetteshas awater content of3.340%, ash content of51.023%, calorificvalue of3478.455cal/g, compressive stength of 2.037kg/cm2, CO 893.57mg/Nm3, Zn31.207mg/landCu 12.987mg/l. The result of the briquttes characteristics test showed that with increasing amounts ofrice huskcanincreasethe moisture contentandcalorific value, and be ableto lowerash contentandcompressive strength

Peer Group Dan Uang Saku Bulanan Meningkatkan Risiko Persepsi Body Image Negatif Pada Remaja Putri Di Bekasi

Adolescence is a phase of rapid growth experienced in human life. Adolescent girls will experience anincrease in body fat in•order to prepare reproduction. That makes the body more far from the ideal shape.These, sometime make adolescent girlsfeel dissatisfied with their body shape and eager to have an idealbody shape. The desire to have an ideal body shape is also influenced by the surrounding environment suchas peer group and media. This study discusses the determinant factors of body image and efforts to achieveideal body shape among adolescent girls in Bekasi. This is a quantitative research study with crosssectional design. Respondents in this study were 80 girls aged 11-19 years old in Bekasi. Data analysis wasperformed using descriptive, bivariate and multivariate. Chi square analysis was conducted prior to themultiple logistic regression test to determine the determinant variables of body image perceptions amongadolescent girls. The results showed that 73.8 percent of adolescent girlshad a negative body imageperception. The main determinant factors of body image perceptions on adolescent girls were having a peergroup (OR 5.09 ; 95% CI 1.02 -25.42) and monthly allowance (OR 3.61; 95% CI 1.22 -10.73). Effortsmade by respondents to achieve the body image were diet and physical activity, but the results of chisquare test showed that there were no relationship between the diet and physical activity behavior andperceptions of body image

Kejadian Pendek-gemuk pada Anak Berusia Bawah Dua Tahun Berhubungan dengan Konsumsi Lemak dan Pendidikan Ibu

Linear growth retardation (stunting) is still prevalent in developing countries. On the other hand, the prevalence of overweight and obesity also increases. The result of the situation is double burden of child nutrition status, both stunted and obese/overweight at time same. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of children under two years of age who are stunted and overweight at the same time and its associated factors in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the National Basic Health Research in 2010. The samples were 2116 under two year of age from all provinces in Indonesia. Anthropometry indices were generated using 2005 WHO standards for children. A child that categorized as stunted and overweight were those with a length-for-age z-score <-2 SD and a weight-for-length z-score >2SD from the median of the reference standard adjusted for the relevant sex and age group. Logistic regression and sample weighting factors were performed for the data analysis. The result wasthe prevalence of stunting with concurrent overweight 19.8 percent. Factors that significantly associated with stunting overweight were fat intake and maternal education. Low fat intake was associated with stunting and overweight (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.29-0.94). Mother with no schooling is also associated with stunting and overweight of their children (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.35-7.78). This analysis emphasizes that there had been double burden of child nutrition among children in Indonesia.However, eventhough low fat intake was one of the factors associated with stunting and overweight among under two children, restriction of fat intake in first year of life is not recommended

Asupan Zat Besi Dan Seng Pada Bayi Umur 6 – 11 Bulan Di Kelurahan Jati Cempaka, Kota Bekasi, Tahun 2014

Infants are at higher risk of iron and zinc deficiency because of their rapid growth and higher iron and zinc needs. The infants' iron and zinc status are directly affected by their dietary intake. The aims of this study were to measure the average and the deficit of iron and zinc intake in infants aged 6 – 11.months in Kelurahan Jati Cempaka Kota Bekasi, 2014. The research was conducted in 10 Integrated Health Service in Kelurahan Jati Cempaka, Bekasi City, 2014. Eighty pairs of infants and mothers were selected as samples. Infants' intake were assessed by 2 x 24 hours non-consecutive dietary recall. Independent T test analysis were conducted to identify the differences in iron and zinc intake between underweight infant and infant with normal nutritional status. Analysis showed that iron and zinc the total of average of breastfeeding infants were 2,3 ± 1,2 mg/day and 1,7 ± 0,7 mg/day. Iron and zinc The average deficit of of breastfeeding infants were 4,7 ± 1,2 mg/day and 1,3 ± 0,7 mg/day. There was significant difference on the average of iron intake between underweight infant and infants with normal nutritional status. But there was no significant difference on the zinc intake. However zinc intake the average of of underweight infant was lower than the normal infant with normal nutritional status. Nutrition counseling about good complementary feeding practice to the mothers of infants is needed, especially complementary food from animal source. Multi micro nutrient supplementations to the infants need to be considered, regarding low consumption of complementary food from animal source

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century