The Philippines: External Shocks, Adjustment Policies and Impact on Selected Development Concerns, 1973-1985

With the objective of designing and implementing more effective policies and programs in the light of external shocks, this paper assesses the impact of economic crisis and adjustment policies on basic economic and social concerns particularly on vulnerable income groups. The development path implied in this article is a strategy that is expansionary within the limits set by external finance and other policy considerations.vulnerable groups, adjustment policies

Philippine-American Relations Beyond the Bases

This article has been delivered by the author for the 1988 Florence Macaulay Distinguished Lecture on Asia and the Pacific at the University of Hawaii on September 23, 1988. It discusses America’s colonial policy and the Philippines' security alliance with America. It also traces the termination of Military Base Agreement and the future of Philippine security without the U.S. military bases.military and military bases

A History of Credit Programs Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines

This article is part of the seminar-workshop on the “Consequences of Small Farm Mechanization on Production, Employment and Incomes in the Philippines” sponsored jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Economic and Development Authority, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the International Rice Research Institute held on December 1-2, 1983 at Tagaytay City. It provides history of the credit programs related to agricultural mechanization from 1950 to 1980. Analysis indicates that the demand for farm machineries are mostly credit supply-led despite the effects of international and local events.agriculture sector, credit program, credit access, impact analysis, mechanization

On the O/H, Mg/H, Si/H and Fe/H Gas and Dust Abundance Ratios in Galactic and Extragalactic H II Regions

We derive the Mg/H ratio in the Orion nebula and in 30 Doradus. We also derive the O/H and the Fe/O ratios in the extremely metal poor galaxy SBS 0335-052. We estimate the dust depletions of Mg, Si, and Fe in Galactic and extragalactic H II regions. Based on these depletions we estimate the fraction of O atoms embedded in dust as a function of the O/H ratio. We find an increasing depletion of O with increasing O/H. The O depletion increases from about 0.08 dex, for the metal poorest H II regions known, to about 0.12 dex, for metal rich H II regions. This depletion has to be considered when comparing nebular with stellar abundances.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, submitted to The Astrophysical Journal. Rewritten for clarity (following the recomendations by the ApJ referee

Hydromorphus, H. concolor, H. dunni

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

A History of Credit Programs Supporting Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines

This article is part of the seminar-workshop on the “Consequences of Small Farm Mechanization on Production, Employment and Incomes in the Philippines” sponsored jointly by the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Economic and Development Authority, the Philippine Institute for Development Studies and the International Rice Research Institute held on December 1-2, 1983 at Tagaytay City. It provides history of the credit programs related to agricultural mechanization from 1950 to 1980. Analysis indicates that the demand for farm machineries are mostly credit supply-led despite the effects of international and local events.agriculture sector, credit program, credit access, impact analysis, mechanization

HH-product and HH-threshold graphs

This paper is the continuation of the research of the author and his colleagues of the {\it canonical} decomposition of graphs. The idea of the canonical decomposition is to define the binary operation on the set of graphs and to represent the graph under study as a product of prime elements with respect to this operation. We consider the graph together with the arbitrary partition of its vertex set into $n$ subsets ($n$-partitioned graph). On the set of $n$-partitioned graphs distinguished up to isomorphism we consider the binary algebraic operation $\circ_H$ ($H$-product of graphs), determined by the digraph $H$. It is proved, that every operation $\circ_H$ defines the unique factorization as a product of prime factors. We define $H$-threshold graphs as graphs, which could be represented as the product $\circ_{H}$ of one-vertex factors, and the threshold-width of the graph $G$ as the minimum size of $H$ such, that $G$ is $H$-threshold. $H$-threshold graphs generalize the classes of threshold graphs and difference graphs and extend their properties. We show, that the threshold-width is defined for all graphs, and give the characterization of graphs with fixed threshold-width. We study in detail the graphs with threshold-widths 1 and 2