Optimized Blind Control Method to Minimize Heating, Cooling and Lighting Energy

AbstractEnergy saving has become a hot issue all over the world. To minimize the energy use in buildings, the cooperative control coupled with heating, cooling, lighting and blind control system was proposed in this study. The blind condition is optimized to minimize the total energy of heating, cooling and lighting.In this study, the control behaviors and energy saving effect of the proposed system were evaluated by field measurement. The results show that the proposed control system reduces the cooling energy demand by about 40.8% and 19.6% of the lighting energy compared to the conventional control system with maintaining the same thermal comfort level. The total energy saving rate reached 29.7%

Carbon Dioxide-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cyanation Reaction

© 2019 American Chemical Society.We report a Michael-type cyanation reaction of coumarins by using CO2 as a catalyst. The delivery of the nucleophilic cyanide was realized by catalytic amounts of CO2, which forms cyanoformate and bicarbonate in the presence of water. Under ambient conditions, CO2-catalyzed reactions afforded high chemo- A nd diastereoselectivity of β-nitrile carbonyls, whereas only low reactivities were observed under argon or N2. Computational and experimental data suggest the catalytic role of CO2, which functions as a Lewis acid, and a protecting group to mask the reactivity of the product, suppressing byproducts and polymerization. The utility of this convenient method was demonstrated by preparing biologically relevant heterocyclic compounds with ease11sciescopu

The Efficacy of Pilates on Urinary Incontinence in Korean Women: A Metabolomics Approach

Pilates has been known as exercise intervention that improves the function of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) associated with impacting urinary incontinence (UI). This study investigated the effect of Pilates on UI in Korean women by determining the change in functional movement of PFM (FMP) and metabolic profiles. UI group with Pilates (UIP, n = 13) participated in 8-weeks Oov Pilates program, and 8 subjects were assigned to Control and UI group with no Pilates (UINP), respectively. Before and after 8 weeks, plasma samples were collected from all participants, and ultrasonography was used to measure the functional change of PFM for calculating FMP ratio. Plasma samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify the change of metabolic features. After 8-weeks intervention, FMP ratio was remarkably decreased in UIP (48.1% ↓, p p > 0.05). In metabolic features, L-Glutamine (m/z: 147.07 [M + H]+), L-Cystathionine (m/z: 240.09 [M + NH4]+), L-Arginine (m/z: 197.1 [M + Na]+), and L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate (m/z: 147.07 [M + NH4]+) were significantly elevated solely in UIP (p < 0.001). Our study elucidated that Pilates can ameliorate the FMP and enhance the specific metabolic characteristics, which was potentially associated with invigorated PFM contractility to effectively control the bladder base and continence

Dimerization Strategies for the Synthesis of High-Order Securinega Alkaloids

We describe different modes of dimerization of various α′,γ-dioxyenone derivatives with potential applications to the synthesis of high-order securinega alkaloids. We learned that the relative stereochemical relationship between α′- and γ-hydroxyl groups of the α′,γ-dihydroxyenone derivative determines the mode of dimerization. While cis-α′,γ-dioxyenone 26 provided the Rauhut-Currier-type (RC-type) dimer 31 upon reaction with TBAF, trans-α′,γ-dihydroxyenone 34 afforded dimeric tetrahydrofuran derivative 41 under the same reaction conditions. We also noticed that the protection of the γ-hydroxyl group drastically changes the reaction outcomes. While cis-α′-oxy-γ-OPiv-enone 49 did not show any reactivity in the presence of TBAF, trans-α′-hydroxy-γ-OPiv-enone 45 produced the RC-type dimer 46 under the same reaction conditions. Computational analysis revealed the detailed mechanism of the latter transformation. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society

Installing a molecular truss beam stabilizes MOF structures

Enhancing the stability and durability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is vital for practical applications because many promising MOF materials suffer from phase transitions and/or structural decompositions with humidity being a particularly damaging condition. In mechanical engineering, the frame of buildings and furniture can be stabilized significantly by installing a truss beam. Employing the same principle, we functionalized the organic component of MOF-5 to contain a carbazole moiety that can act as a molecular truss beam by reaching across the corner and forming a stable pi-pi interaction with a phenyl group on the edge position of the MOF-skeleton. This structural support enhanced the stability of the MOF substantially, allowing the designed MOF to maintain compositional integrity under steam conditions at 90 degrees C for similar to 5 days. The unmodified MOF-5 shows clear signs of structural collapse after similar to 1 h.11Nsciescopu

Site-Selective Functionalization of Pyridinium Derivatives via Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalysis with Quinolinone

© Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society.The selective installation of phosphinoyl and carbamoyl moieties on the pyridine scaffold is an important transformation in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. By employing quinolinone as an efficient organic photocatalyst, we developed a catalytic system driven by visible light that forms phosphinoyl and carbamoyl radicals, which react with various heteroarenium derivatives under mild, transition-metal-free conditions. This straightforward and environmentally friendly synthetic method represents a new approach to site-divergent pyridine functionalization that offers considerable advantages in both simplicity and efficiency. Ambient temperature is sufficient for the formation of the reactive radicals, and the site-selectivity can be switched from C2 to C4 by changing the radical coupling sources. Under standard reaction conditions, phosphinoyl radicals give access to C4 products, while carbamoyl radicals selectively give C2 products. We found that the carbamoyl radical overcomes the intrinsic preference for forming the ortho-product by allowing the oxo functionality of the carbamoyl radical to electrostatically engage the nitrogen of the pyridinium substrate, which preferentially gives the ortho-product. The phosphinoyl radical cannot engage in the same interaction, because the phosphorus is too large. This novel synthetic route tolerates a broad range of substrates and provides a convenient and powerful synthetic tool for accessing the core structures of numerous privileged scaffold

Biosynthetically Inspired Syntheses of Secu′amamine A and Fluvirosaones A and B

© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimPresented here is a concise synthesis of secu′amamine A, and fluvirosaones A and B from readily available allosecurinine and viroallosecurinine. The key C2-enamine derivative of (viro)allosecurinine, the presumed biosynthetic precursors of these natural products, was accessed, for the first time, by a VO(acac)2-mediated regioselective Polonovski reaction. Formal hydration and 1,2-amine shift of this pluripotent enamine compound afforded secu′amamine A. Formal oxidative [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between this enamine and TMS-substituted methallyl iodide reagent paved the way to the precursors of fluvirosaones A and B. The relative stereochemistry at the C2 position of these advanced intermediates governs the fate of 1,2-amine shift leading to fluvirosaones A and B. The syntheses of potential biosynthetic precursors and investigations of their chemical reactivities have provided insights regarding the biogenesis of these natural products11Nsciescopu

Visible-Light-Induced Pyridylation of Remote C(sp3)?H Bonds by Radical Translocation of N-Alkoxypyridinium Salts

Metal-free, visible-light-induced site-selective heteroarylation of remote C(sp3)?H bonds has been accomplished through the design of N-alkoxyheteroarenium salts serving as both alkoxy radical precursors and heteroaryl sources. The transient alkoxy radical can be generated by the single-electron reduction of an N-alkoxypyridinium substrate by a photoexcited quinolinone catalyst. Subsequent radical translocation of the alkoxy radical forms a nucleophilic alkyl radical intermediate, which undergoes addition to the substrate to achieve remote C(sp3)?H heteroarylation. This cascade strategy provides a powerful platform for remote C(sp3)?H heteroarylation in a controllable and selective manner and is well suited for late-stage functionalization of complex bioactive molecules. ⓒ 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhe