Management și leadership în sectorul public. O analiză comparativă a conceptelor

Public administration in Romania has come a long way compared to the beginning of the 90’s and important reforms have significantly changed the administrative system. Although at formal level concepts like management and leadership have been taken into account in the reform process they still have problems in being implemented as functioning elements of everyday administrative life. The current paper is focused on these two major concepts used both in theory and in practice in the field of public administration: management and leadership. Both of them are analyzed, but with a focus on leadership, especially on what differentiates leadership from management and respectively leaders from managers. The aim is to create a clear picture regarding the relation between the two, with common elements and specific differences that will help understanding their importance for a modern administrative system.</p

Association of <i>CETP</i> Gene Polymorphisms and Haplotypes with Cardiovascular Risk

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is known to influence HDL-C levels, potentially altering the profile of HDL subfractions and consequently cardiovascular risk (CVR). This study aimed to investigate the effect of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs1532624, rs5882, rs708272, rs7499892, and rs9989419) and their haplotypes (H) in the CETP gene on 10-year CVR estimated by the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), the Framingham Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease (FRSCHD) and Cardiovascular Disease (FRSCVD) algorithms. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association of SNPs and 10 haplotypes (H1–H10) on 368 samples from the Hungarian general and Roma populations. The T allele of rs7499892 showed a significant association with increased CVR estimated by FRS. H5, H7, and H8 showed a significant association with increased CVR based on at least one of the algorithms. The impact of H5 was due to its effect on TG and HDL-C levels, while H7 showed a significant association with FRSCHD and H8 with FRSCVD mediated by a mechanism affecting neither TG nor HDL-C levels. Our results suggest that polymorphisms in the CETP gene may have a significant effect on CVR and that this is not mediated exclusively by their effect on TG and HDL-C levels but also by presently unknown mechanisms

Nanometer-scale organization of the alpha subunits of the receptors for IL2 and IL15 in human T lymphoma cells\ud

Interleukin 2 and interleukin 15 (IL2 and IL15, respectively) provide quite distinct contributions to T-cell-mediated immunity, despite having similar receptor composition and signaling machinery. As most of the proposed mechanisms underlying this apparent paradox attribute key significance to the individual -chains of IL2 and IL15 receptors, we investigated the spatial organization of the receptors IL2R and IL15R at the nanometer scale expressed on a human CD4+ leukemia T cell line using single-molecule-sensitive near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). In agreement with previous findings, we here confirm clustering of IL2R and IL15R at the submicron scale. In addition to clustering, our single-molecule data reveal that a non-negligible percentage of the receptors are organized as monomers. Only a minor fraction of IL2R molecules reside outside the clustered domains, whereas 30% of IL15R molecules organize as monomers or small clusters, excluded from the main domain regions. Interestingly, we also found that the packing densities per unit area of both IL2R and IL15R domains remained constant, suggesting a `building block' type of assembly involving repeated structures and composition. Finally, dual-color NSOM demonstrated co-clustering of the two -chains. Our results should aid understanding the action of the IL2R-IL15R system in T cell function and also might contribute to the more rationale design of IL2R- or IL15R-targeted immunotherapy agents for treating human leukemia. \u