2 research outputs found
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Ecuación estructural en el análisis de la multimorbilidad en niños de primera infancia afiliados a la entidad promotora de salud compensar Bogotá, Colombia. 2017-2018
El estudio permitiĂł identificar patrones de multimorbilidad en los niños de la primera infancia en edades comprendidas entre 0 y 5 años afiliados a la Entidad Promotora de Salud (EPS) Compensar en Colombia en los años 2017 y 2018 orientado a redefinir los programas de gestiĂłn de los riesgos en salud de este grupo de menores. Se realizĂł un estudio de corte transversal retrospectivo que contĂł con una poblaciĂłn inicial de 130.707 niños de los cuales 85.449 (65.4%) cumplieron con el criterio de multimorbilidad. El 52% de los niños fueron de sexo masculino y la mayorĂa residĂan en la ciudad de Bogotá (capital de Colombia). Los patrones de multimorbilidad fueron identificados mediante un análisis jerárquico de clĂşsteres descrito por sexo, edad, ciudad de residencia, plan de atenciĂłn y diagnĂłstico principal y relacionados se identificaron cinco conglomerados de niños con caracterĂsticas homogĂ©neas y diferenes entre sĂ. Las enfermedades comunes a varios de los clĂşsteres fueron el resfriado comĂşn y la rinitis alĂ©rgica, la dermatitis, la diarrea infecciosa o de origen presuntamente infeccioso y la caries de la dentina, todas estas propias de la morbilidad de esta primera etapa de la vida. Dentro de las enfermedades crĂłnicas se encontraron el Asma y la obesidad, asĂ como las afectaciones del desarrollo del habla y del lenguaje, y perturbacion de la actividad y de la atenciĂłn, tambiĂ©n se evidenciaron menores expuestos a negligencia o abandono. Respecto a los costos, el clĂşster 5 es el que presenta el mayor costo promedio tanto para las atenciones del plan de beneficios como del plan de atenciĂłn complementaria. Como conclusiĂłn, la presencia de transtornos fĂsicos y mentales requiere redefinir las intervenciones de salud pĂşblica, y virar hacia servicios de salud de mayor integralidad, en el que participen disciplinas mĂ©dicas y no mĂ©dicas, y de las ciencias sociales o de humanidades, asĂ como otros sectores diferentes a salud, que permitan ampliar el espectro de conocimiento de los menores y sus familias como parte del entendimiento de los patrones de multimorbilidad observados y reorientar los servicios de salud hacia la gestiĂłn socio sanitaria.MagĂster en EpidemiologĂaMaestrĂ