2,866 research outputs found
Extinction probabilities of branching processes with countably infinitely many types
We present two iterative methods for computing the global and partial
extinction probability vectors for Galton-Watson processes with countably
infinitely many types. The probabilistic interpretation of these methods
involves truncated Galton-Watson processes with finite sets of types and
modified progeny generating functions. In addition, we discuss the connection
of the convergence norm of the mean progeny matrix with extinction criteria.
Finally, we give a sufficient condition for a population to become extinct
almost surely even though its population size explodes on the average, which is
impossible in a branching process with finitely many types. We conclude with
some numerical illustrations for our algorithmic methods
Single Event Effects in CMOS Image Sensors
In this work, 3T Active Pixel Sensors (APS) are exposed to heavy ions (N, Ar, Kr, Xe), and Single Event Effects (SEE) are studied. Devices were fully functional during exposure, no Single Event Latch-up (SEL) or Single Event Functional Interrupt (SEFI) happened. However Single Event Transient (SET) effects happened on frames: line disturbances, and half or full circular clusters of white pixels. The collection of charges in cluster was investigated with arrays of two pixel width (7 and 10 \textmu{}m), with bulk and epitaxial substrates. This paper shows technological and design parameters involved in the transient events. It also shows that STARDUST simulation software can predict cluster obtained for bulk substrate devices. However, the discrepancies in epitaxial layer devices are large - which shows the need for an improved model
l'hypnose ou la médiation par l'image
International audienceObjectives.âThe article aims at questioning mental functions through hypnosis. The authors question in particular the mediating dimension of the emerging image in the psychotherapeutic framework, which is considered as the interface of the meeting between the patient and the clinician. They suggest reïŹecting the therapeutic work from the place of the image as permitting the thought process.Method.âThe authors work from the introduction of the hypnotic tool in their analytical psychotherapeutic practice, from sensory and perceptive dimensions. The psychotherapy joins in an individualization of the procedures according to Eriksonâs technique. The authors study the regressive processes and imaginary productions with the presentation of the case study of a patient presenting somatic pains and followed-up in a Medical Psychological Centre.Results.âHypnosis allows the creation of images articulated with an emotion. The image is co-created in the therapeutic relationship, through the patientâs emergent mental tracks and the metaphoric suggestions of the clinician. The imaging phase also releases the affective burden, as well as working on the perception of body and the painful sensations associated with precise parts of the emotional history (image-key). The patientâs pains disappears to give way to a symbolisation phase.Discussion.âThe state of modiïŹed consciousness during hypnosis at the same time allows a regressive pro-cess facilitating access to the problematic sensory and perceptive tracks, and also arouses a representational process stimulating the imaginary productions. Mediation through images permits treatment of traumatic, archaic or repressed mental inscriptions and supports the process of rituals and symbolization. Conclusions.âThe authors talk of âwork of imageâ when describing the work of representation, as well as the potential of transformation and symbolization of the image under hypnosis. Furthermore, this image has an intersubjective dimension in a co-construction and hence becomes a mediating object. As such, it can reveal the transfer relationship. The image stemming from the hypnotic trance is thus situated at the crossroads of intrapsychic and intersubjective dimensions and therefore expands the subjectâs spoken wordObjectifs.âLâarticleviseĂ interrogerlesfonctionspsychiquesconvoquĂ©esparlâoutilhypnotique.Lesauteurs questionnent en particulier la dimension mĂ©diatrice de lâimage Ă©mergeante dans le cadre psychothĂ©rapeu-tique, comme interface de la rencontre entre le patient et le clinicien. Ils se proposent de rĂ©ïŹĂ©chir le travail de la thĂ©rapie Ă partir de la place laissĂ©e Ă lâimage comme permettant la mise en pensĂ©e.MĂ©thode.âLes auteurs travaillent Ă partir de lâintroduction de lâoutil hypnotique dans leur pratique psycho-thĂ©rapeutique analytique, Ă partir des dimensions sensorielles et perceptives. Le suivi psychothĂ©rapeutique sâinscrit dans une individualisation des procĂ©dures selon la technique eriksonienne. Ils Ă©tudient les proces-sus rĂ©gressifs et les productions de lâimaginaire Ă partir de la prĂ©sentation de lâĂ©tude de cas dâune patiente prĂ©sentant des douleurs somatiques et suivie dans un Centre MĂ©dico-Psychologique. RĂ©sultats.âLâhypnose permet la crĂ©ation dâimages articulĂ©es avec un Ă©prouvĂ©. Lâimage est co-crĂ©Ă©e dans la relation thĂ©rapeutique, grĂące aux traces psychiques Ă©mergentes chez la patiente et les suggestions mĂ©ta-phoriques du clinicien. Le passage par lâimage permet aussi la libĂ©ration de la charge affective, ainsi quâun travail sur la perception du corps et des sensations douloureuses associĂ©es Ă des pans prĂ©cis de lâhistoire affective (image-clef). Lesdouleurs delapatientesâabrasent pourlaisserplaceĂ untravaildesymbolisation. Discussion.âLâĂ©tat modiïŹĂ© de conscience permis par lâhypnose permet Ă la fois un processus rĂ©gressif facilitant un accĂšs aux traces sensorielles et perceptives problĂ©matiques, et un processus ïŹguratif favori-sant les productions imaginaires. La mĂ©diation par lâimage permet le traitement dâinscriptions psychiques traumatiques, archaĂŻques ou refoulĂ©es, et soutient la scĂ©narisation et la symbolisation.Conclusions.âLes auteurs parlent de «travail de lâimage» pour dĂ©crire le travail de ïŹguration, ainsi que le potentiel transformatif et symboligĂšne de lâimage dans le cadre de lâhypnose. De plus, lâimage a une dimension intersubjective, sâinscrivant dans une co-construction et devenant alors un objet mĂ©diateur. Ă ce titre, elle peut ĂȘtre rĂ©vĂ©lateur de la relation transfĂ©rentielle. Lâimage issue de la transe hypnotique se situe donc au carrefour de lâintrapsychique et de lâintersubjectif et est porteuse de la parole du sujet
La gestion des affects dans la relation thérapeutique chez le patient schizophrÚne
International audienceThis article studies schizophrenic patientâs affective conflict by non-integrated ambivalence and absence of symbolisation of affect. Through the meet with a psychotic patient, the authors show that evolution of therapeutic relation is on a par with affect-representation link and its expression in therapy. The authors differentiate processes, which are involved in affect-representation link ; ones concern on representation (in particular dĂ©scĂ©narisation and dĂ©mĂ©taphorisation), others concern on affect, as âthingingâ of affects and external deposit of affect. The term of âinsulating splitâ, a form of psychotic insulation, is used to describe this process.Cet article Ă©tudie la conflictualitĂ© affective chez le patient schizophrĂšne sous lâangle de la non-intĂ©gration de lâambivalence affective et de lâabsence de secondarisation de lâaffect. Ă travers la rencontre avec une patiente psychotique, les auteurs montrent que lâĂ©volution de la relation thĂ©rapeutique accompagne la liaison affect-reprĂ©sentation et son expression dans la thĂ©rapie. Les auteurs diffĂ©rencient des mĂ©canismes spĂ©cifiques portant sur le lien affect-reprĂ©sentation, certains agissant sur la reprĂ©sentation elle-mĂȘme (notamment la dĂ©scĂ©narisation et la dĂ©mĂ©taphorisation) et dâautres portant sur lâaffect, notamment la « chosification » des affects et la mise en dĂ©pĂŽt externalisĂ©e de lâaffect. Le terme de « dĂ©liaison isolante », forme dâisolation psychotique, est avancĂ© pour circonscrire lâensemble de ces processus
Place de lâobjet comme support du processus dĂ©lirant dans la rencontre intersubjective
International audienceThis article underlines the possibility to think the clinical work with psychotic patient from concrete external objects. Through an encounter with a schizophrenic patient, Georgia, the authors show at the same time that the concrete object may serve as deposit as delirious process in the therapy, and that it acts as interface between subjects of the encounter. Indeed, concrete object, as a relational intermediary, becomes the prop of affects that canât be up dated and verbalized yet in the acquaintance. So, different functions of the object of relation are emphasized, especially this to represent a state of relation at a moment. This work also brings out the evolution and transformation of the concrete object in comparaison with the evolution of delirious process in intersubjective relation.Cet article met en Ă©vidence la possibilitĂ© de penser le travail clinique avec le patient psychotique Ă partir dâobjets concrets externes. Ă travers la rencontre avec une patiente schizophrĂšne, Georgia, les auteurs montrent Ă la fois que lâobjet concret peut ĂȘtre un lieu de mise en dĂ©pĂŽt du processus dĂ©lirant dans le cadre de la thĂ©rapie et quâil a une fonction dâinterface entre les sujets de la rencontre. De plus, lâobjet concret, en tant quâintermĂ©diaire relationnel, devient le support dâaffects qui ne peuvent encore sâactualiser et se verbaliser dans la rencontre. DiffĂ©rentes fonctions de lâobjet de relation sont ainsi mises en Ă©vidence, en particulier celle de reprĂ©senter lâĂ©tat de la relation Ă un moment donnĂ©. Ce travail met Ă©galement en relief lâĂ©volution et la transformation de lâobjet concret parallĂšlement Ă lâĂ©volution du processus dĂ©lirant dans la rencontre intersubjective
Theoretical evaluation of MTF and charge collection efficiency in CCD and CMOS image sensor
Classical models used to calculate the Modulation Transfer function (MTF) of a solid-state image sensor generally
use a sinusoidal type of illumination. The approach, described in this paper, consists in considering a point-source illumination to built a theoretical three dimensional model of the diffusion and the collection of photo-carriers created within the image sensor array. Fourier transform formalism is used for this type of illumination. Solutions allow to evaluate the spatial repartition of the charge density collected in the space charge region, i.e. to get the Pixel Response Function (PRF) formulation. PRF enables to calculate analytically both MTF and crosstalk at every needed wavelengths. The model can take into account a uniformly doped substrate and an epitaxial layer grown on a highly doped substrate. The built-in electric field induced by the EPI/Substrate doping gradient is also taken into account. For these configurations, MTF, charge collection efficiency and crosstalk proportion are calculated. The study is established in the case of photodiode pixel but it can be easily extended to pinned photodiode pixels and photogate pixels
Le repérage de l'affect dans l'entretien clinique avec le patient souffrant de schizophrénie : proposition méthodologique
International audienceThe authors take up the question of expression of affect in clinical interview with schizophrenic patient from analysis of interactions; they underline that verbal interaction enable privileged investigation of affect rationality. They propose a reflection about a model of analysis and formalisation; this one may initiate the construction of a model which emphasizes the types of conversational shapes underlying therapeutic strategies of change. The emotive dimension, as it is studied in psychanalytic theories can be questionned by cognitive and conversational theories. Indeed, cognitive and conversational enlightenment are used to bring out marks of affect expression, on the one hand, about syntactic and semantic structure of utterances, on the other hand, about shapes of conversational structures. So, this article presents a method which permits to study structure of conversations as ground of accomplishment of affect expression in interaction. From an illustration, the authors explain how some clinicianâs interventions are a prop of exploration of affect in conversation. The studied conversational sequence invite to think that some modalities of interaction organize connection of subject with his own affects, updating it in therapeutic relation. The authors brings out the idea that conversational relation facilitate the creation of a specific psychic space permitting mutual prop between intersubjective ties and intrapsychic.Les auteurs abordent la question de lâexpression de lâaffect dans lâentretien clinique avec le patient soufrant des chizophrĂ©nie Ă partir de lâanalyse des interactions langagiĂšres, en montrant que lâinteraction verbale est un lieu dâinvestigation privilĂ©giĂ© de la rationalitĂ© de lâaffect. Ils se proposent de rĂ©flĂ©chir Ă un modĂšle dâanalyse et de formalisation permettant dâinitier la construction dâun modĂšle qui circonscrive les types de configurations dialogiques sous-jacentes aux stratĂ©gies thĂ©rapeutiques porteuses de changement. La dimension affective telle quâelle est Ă©tudiĂ©e parles thĂ©ories psychanalytiques et rĂ©interrogĂ©e au risque des thĂ©ories cognitivo conversationnelles. LâĂ©clairage cognitivo-dialogique est, en effet, utilisĂ© pour mettre en Ă©vidence lâexistence de marqueurs associĂ©s Ă lâexpression des affects, dâune part, au niveau de la structure syntaxico- sĂ©mantique des Ă©noncĂ©s, dâautre part, au niveau de la configuration des structures conversationnelles. En ce sens, lâarticle prĂ©sente une mĂ©thode permettant dâĂ©tudier la structure des conversations en montrant en quoi elles sont la matrice de lâaccomplissement de lâexpression des affects dans lâinteraction. Ă partir dâune illustration, les auteurs expliquent comment certains types dâintervention du clinicien constituent un support Ă lâexploration de lâaffect dans lâĂ©change. La sĂ©quence dialogique Ă©tudiĂ©e invite Ă penser que certaines modalitĂ©s dâinteraction rĂ©organisent le rapport du sujet Ă ses propres affects, en actualisant dans le lien au thĂ©rapeute. Les auteurs avancent alors lâidĂ©e que la relation dialogique facilite la crĂ©ation dâun espace psychique particulier permettant le co-Ă©tayage entre les liens intersubjectifs et lâintrapsychique
LâĂ©talement urbain comme phĂ©nomĂšne gĂ©ographique : lâexemple de QuĂ©bec
L'Ă©talement dit « urbain » correspond Ă une croissance de la banlieue qui, loin de repousser devant elle la discontinuitĂ© entre l'urbain et le rural, franchit cette discontinuitĂ©. Le processus se traduit par l'implantation, en positions rurales, de formes conçues pour convertir des valeurs positionnelles urbaines. Dans l'agglomĂ©ration de QuĂ©bec, oĂč il s'accĂ©lĂšre depuis la dĂ©cennie de 1970, l'Ă©talement est dynamisĂ© par une mimesis d'appropriation incitant les acteurs municipaux en positions rurales Ă vouloir rĂ©aliser, chez eux, l'archĂ©type de l'urbanitĂ© moderne incarnĂ© par Sainte-Foy Ă compter des annĂ©es 1960. En projetant des formes d'apparence urbaine en positions rurales, le phĂ©nomĂšne d'Ă©talement reprĂ©sente, plus profondĂ©ment, la tentative d'effacer la dimension intrinsĂšquement politique de la discontinuitĂ© entre les positions gĂ©ographiques. Cette manoeuvre conduit Ă la survalorisation Ă©conomique de positions rurales et, par le fait mĂȘme, Ă un endettement qui, de nos jours, signifie l'impossibilitĂ© de rĂ©duire l'ordre politique Ă la nĂ©cessitĂ© Ă©conomique.What is called « urban sprawl » agrees with the growth of a suburb which, instead of pushing in front of itself the discontinuity separating the urban and rural areas, crosses through that qualitative discontinuity. The process finds expression by the implantation, into rural positions, of forms previously conceived in order to convert urban positional values. In the outskirts of QuĂ©bec City, where it is used to go faster for more than the last 20 years, the sprawl is concerned with an internal dynamics of mimesis which has led the local councils, staying in rural positions, to appropriate the prototype of the urban modernity such as it was implemented by the town of Sainte-Foy since the sixties. By producing urban look like forms on rural positions, the recent "urban sprawl" represents, more precisely, an endeavour oriented towards erasing the political intrinsic character of the discontinuity separating geographical positions. This "manoeuvre" entails economical bull operations in the rural area and, by the way, gets the society as a whole into debt. Nowadays, such a consequence means that it is not possible to confine the political order into the matter of the economical necessity
RĂ©adaptation et psychose : de lâenveloppe soignante Ă lâenveloppe sociale
International audienceAfter a theoretical reminder of main notions of readjustment, rehabilitation, reintegration, the authors broaden the thought on readjustment from clinical experience near chronic psychotic patients in therapeutic flats.They show how the patient converts his ties with his circle and social world, through a new psychic organization with moments of crisis: the patient must gradually free oneself from ânursing envelopeâ to invest others envelopes, before being able to integrate a new group which constitute âsocial envelopeâ.AprĂšs un rappel thĂ©orique des notions essentielles de rĂ©adaptation, rĂ©habilitation et rĂ©insertion, les auteurs ouvrent la rĂ©flexion sur la rĂ©adaptation Ă partir dâune expĂ©rience clinique auprĂšs de patients psychotiques chroniques en appartements thĂ©rapeutiques. Ils montrent comment le patient rĂ©amĂ©nage ses liens Ă son entourage et au monde social, Ă travers une rĂ©organisation psychique parsemĂ©e de moments de crise: le patient doit progressivement se dĂ©tacher de lâ«enveloppe soignante» pour investir des enveloppes substitutives, avant de pouvoir intĂ©grer un nouveau groupe constitutif de lâ«enveloppe sociale»
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