THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTING OF THE BULLS FOR ACUTE CADMIUM TOXICOSIS

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу кадмію хлориду на показники ензимної системи антиоксидантного захисту у молодняку великої рогатої худоби, а саме на активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, глутатіонредуктази та глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази. Встановлено, що згодовування бичкам даного токсиканту у дозі 0,3 мг/кг маси тіла активність каталази, супероксиддисмутази, глутатіонпероксидази, глутатіонредуктази та глюкозо-6-фосфатдегідрогенази у крові дослідних тварин упродовж усього досліду знижувалася. Найнижчою активність показників ензимної системи антиоксидантного захисту у крові молодняку великої рогатої худоби встановлено на двадцять четверту годину досліду, що пов’язано із посиленою активацією процесів ліпопероксидації та порушенням рівноваги між активністю антиоксидантної системи та інтенсивністю перекисного окиснення ліпідів.В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния кадмия хлорида на показатели энзимной системы антиоксидантной защиты у молодняка крупного рогатого скота, а именно на активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы. Установлено, что скармливание бычка данного токсиканта в дозе 0,3 мг/кг массы тела активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы, глутатионпероксидазы, глутатионредуктазы и глюкозо-6-фосфатдегидрогеназы в крови подопытных животных в течение всего опыта снижалась. Низкой активность показателей энзимной системы антиоксидантной защиты в крови молодняка крупного рогатого скота установлено на двадцать четыре часа опыта, что связано с усиленной активацией процессов липопероксидации и нарушением равновесия между активностью антиоксидантной системы и интенсивности перекисного окисления липидов.This article presents the results of search of the influence of cadmium chloride on the indices of enzymatic antioxidant defense system in young cattle, namely the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was found out that bulls feeding of the toxicant at a dose of 0,3 mg/kg on body mass of catalase activity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the blood of experimental animals throughout the experiment is decreased. The lowest activity of indicators of enzymatic of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle is set at twenty-four hours of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and imbalance between the activity of antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity

ВЛИЯНИЕ ГИДРОВИТА-Е, Е-СЕЛЕНА И МЕВЕСЕЛА НА АКТИВНОСТЬ АМИНОТРАНСФЕРАЗ СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ БЫЧКОВ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ КАДМИЕВОМ ТОКСИКОЗЕ

У статті наведено результати досліджень впливу кадмію хлориду на активність амінотрасфераз у сироватці крові молодняку великої рогатої худоби, а саме на активність аланін- та аспартат-амінотрансфераз. Встановлено, що згодовування бугайцям даного токсиканту у дозі 0,05 мг/кг маси тіла протягом 30 діб активність аланін-амінотрансферази та аспартат-амінотрансферази у крові дослідних тварин упродовж усього досліду зростала. Найвищою активність ензимів була на 24-ту добу досліду. Науково обґрунтовано доцільність використання гідровіту-Е, Е-селену та мевеселу для корекції активності амінотрансфераз крові дослідних тварин. Встановлено, що застосування Гідровіту-Е, Е-селену та Мевеселу за умов розвитку хронічного кадмієвого токсикозу бугайців сприяли зниженню активності амінотрансфераз у їх сироватці крові. Після кадмієвого навантаження бугайців найкращу дію на функціональний стан печінки проявляло застосування тваринам препарату Мевесел.В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния кадмия хлорида на активность аминотрасфераз в сыворотке крови молодняка крупного рогатого скота, а именно на активность аланин- и аспартат-аминотрансфераз. Установлено, что скармливание бычков данного токсиканта в дозе 0,05 мг / кг массы тела в течение 30 суток активность аланин-аминотрансферазы и аспартат-аминотрансферазы в крови подопытных животных в течение всего опыта росло. Самой высокой активность ферментов была на 24-е сутки опыта.Научно обоснована целесообразность использования гидровита-Е, Е-селена и мевесела для коррекции активности аминотрансфераз крови подопытных животных. Установлено, что применение Гидровита-Е, Е-селена и Мевесела в условиях развития хронического кадмиевого токсикоза бычков способствовали снижению активности аминотрансфераз в их сыворотке крови. После кадмиевой нагрузки бычков наилучшее действие на функциональное состояние печени проявляло применения животным препарата Мевесел

Influence of milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit on the morphological parameters of laying hens in experimental chronic cadmium toxicosis

One of the most pressing problems of modern science is the systematic study of natural processes, forecasting and complex assessment of changes in the environment under the influence of anthropogenic load. Blood composition is a relatively constant indicator, which is at the same time one of the labile systems of laying hens. Physiological processes that occur in the body, largely affect the quality of blood. Hematological studies make it possible to study in more detail the effect of cadmium on the body of chickens, on the basis of which a more specific development of the scheme of treatment and prevention of cadmium toxicosis in poultry is possible. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of milk thistle, methifene and silymevitis on the morphological indices of laying hens in the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis. 32 laying hens, 78 weeks of age, were selected for the study. Four experimental groups were formed: control and three experimental. The control group (C) chickens and the three experimental groups were cadmium sulfate 4 mg/kg body weight in water. The chickens of the experimental group E1 with feed were fed the fruits of milk thistle spotted at a dose of 2.0 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. The chickens of the E2 experimental group were fed methifene at a dose of 0.28 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days with feed. The chickens of the E3 experimental group were fed a sylimevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed once a day for 30 days. Drinking cadmium sulphate to laying hens at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight contributed to a decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin level and an increase in leukocyte counts. With cadmium load of laying hens, milk thistle, methifene and sylimevit have a positive effect on the morphological parameters of the blood. In chronic cadmium toxicosis in laying hens, the best normalizing effect on the morphological parameters of the blood of experimental chickens is sylimevit, compared with methifene and milk thistle

The quality of gosling meat depending on the level of lithium in mixed fodders

Micronutrients are an important component of a complete poultry feeding. Current detailed feeding standards provide guaranteed feed additives for farm poultry of the microelement complex. Among the normalized microelements there is no lithium, which according to the classification based on biological role for living organisms belongs to the group of conditionally essential elements. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of various doses of lithium in compound feed on the chemical composition and toxicological and biological parameters of caterpillar meat. The effect of additives of different doses of lithium (0.05 mg/kg, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/kg) in compound forages on the quality and safety of the products of slaughter of 70-day gosling was studied. The studies were conducted on gosling of the Legart breed. Feeding of gosling from day to 70 days of age was carried out by full-feed compound feeds. The birds of the experimental groups were additionally injected with lithium in the feed, mg/kg: the second group was 0.05; third – 0.10 and fourth – 0.15. The gosling of the control group did not receive lithium. Analysis of the results of the studies revealed differences between the control and experimental groups in the chemical composition of the muscular tissue of the gosling in favor of the latter. It was found that the introduction of lithium compound feed had a positive effect on the deposition of dry matter, protein and fat in the gosling of the experimental groups, which contributed to its increased energy and biological value. The best indicators of meat quality were in young animals, which during the growing period were fed compound feeds enriched with lithium at the rate of 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg

Level of phenotypic manifestation of feeding and meat qualities of young pigs of different intrabreed differentiation according to some multi-component evaluation indexes

The paper deals with the results of the search for fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of Large White breeds of different interbreeding differentiation according to some integrated indicators, the level of correlations between traits, and the economic efficiency of research results is calculated. The experimental part of the work was performed in agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Establishment Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS of Ukraine”. Evaluation of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was carried out taking into account the following indicators: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, kg, age achievement of live weight 100 kg, days, the thickness of the lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm, the length of the chilled carcass, cm. A comprehensive evaluation of young pigs for fattening and meat qualities was performed according to the Tyler and Sazer-Fredin indices. Economic efficiency of research results and biometric processing of the obtained data were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was found that young pigs of the Large White breed of the controlled population at the age of 100 kg exceeded the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.13%, the thickness of the lard at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae – 32.25 % and the length of the chilled carcass – 3.92 %. A significant difference between animals of different interbreeding differentiation according to the Tyler index (groups I and III) was set up by the average daily gain of live weight during the control period of fattening (91.7 g), age of 100 kg live weight (7.3 days), lard thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (3.4 mm), length of the chilled carcass (1.7 cm), length of bacon half of chilled carcass (2.7 cm). Taking into account the interbreed differentiation according to the Sazer-Fredin index, it is found that young pigs of the II group prevailed over their peers of I in terms of average daily increase in live weight during the period of control fattening by 4.03 %, age of achievement of live weight of 100 kg – 3.67 % and length of the chilled carcass – 0.2 %. The pairwise correlation coefficient between fattening and meat qualities of young pigs and evaluation indices ranges from -0.710 (tr = 10.24) to +0.844 (tr = 20.98). The maximum increase in additional products was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group according to the Tyler index (+5.03 %) and the second experimental group according to the Sazer-Fredin index (+1.12 %). The cost of additional products got from the young pigs of these groups, provided that the selling price per 1 kg of live weight of young pigs at the time of the search was 47.5 UAH is +247.51 and +55.42 UAH/head, respectively

Feeding and meat qualities of young pigs of different genotypes according to melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r) gene and interbreed differentiation according to the coefficient of decrease in growth intensity in early ontogenesis

The paper presents the results of studies of fattening and meat qualities of young large white pigs of different genotypes for the melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r) gene and the decline in growth intensity in early ontogeny. The research was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the Jazz meat processing plant, the laboratory of the genetics of the Institute of Pig Breeding and APV of the National Academy of Sciences, and the laboratory of animal husbandry of the State Institution “Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences”. The work was carried out following the scientific research program of the National Academy of Sciences No. 30, “Innovative technologies of breeding, industrial and organic production of pig farming products” (“Pig farming”). Assessment of animals for fattening and meat quality was carried out taking into account the following characteristics: average daily gain of live weight during the period of control fattening, g; the age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days, length of the chilled carcass, cm; length of the bacon half of the cooled carcass, cm; thickness of lard at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm. The coefficient of decline in growth intensity was calculated according to the method of Yu. K. Sviechin. Biometric research results were processed using generally accepted methods. It was established that according to live weight at 4 and 6 months of age, fattening and meat qualities (age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg, days; lard thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; length of the chilled carcass, cm) young pigs the controlled population belongs to the I class and the elite class. The coefficient of growth decline in animals of the controlled population ranges from 108.57 to 142.51 points. The data analysis shows that according to the live weight at 4 and 6 months of age, the age of reaching the live weight of 100 kg, the fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae, and the length of the chilled carcass, the young pigs of the controlled population belong to the I class and the elite class. Animals of the Mc4r АГ genotype prevail over peers of the Mc4r AA genotype in terms of fattening and meat qualities by an average of 5.90 %. The interbreed differentiation of young pigs by the coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K) shows that the difference between the animals of the experimental groups in terms of the average daily gain in live weight is 23.3 g (td = 2.62), the age of reaching 100 kg live weight is 2.7 days (td = 1.59), the length of the cooled carcass is 1.4 mm (td = 2.12). The number of reliable correlations between fattening and meat qualities, coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K), and Tyler B. index is 75.0 %, which indicates the possibility of their use in selection and breeding work. The use of young pigs of the Mc4r АG genotype and animals of the I group, in which the coefficient of the intensity of growth decline (∆K) ranges from 115.61 to 123.27 points, provides additional production at the level of +3.68 – +1.75 % respectively

Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young pigs of large white breed and their correlation with some serum enzymes

The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of blood serum, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young white pigs of English origin, as well as to calculate the level of correlations between the main quantitative traits. The experimental part of the work was carried out in LTd “AF” Dzerzhynets” Dnipropetrovsk region, Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Ltd “Globinsky Meat Plant” Poltava region, laboratory of zootechnical analysis of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agriculture and livestock laboratories of the Institute of Cereals NAAS. Blood sampling for biochemical studies was performed in 5-month-old animals, serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and α-amylase was determined. Physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the longest muscle of the back (m. Longissimus dorsi) were studied on the indicators of “moisture holding capacity, %”, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000”, “tenderness”, c, “fat content, %”, “total moisture content, %”, “protein content, %”, “heat loss, %”, and “energy value of muscle tissue, kcal”. It was found that the biochemical parameters of blood serum of young pigs of large white breed at 5 months of age correspond to the physiological norm of clinically healthy animals. Thus, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is 1.33 ± 0.074 mmol/h/l, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) – 1.87 ± 0.063 mmol/h/l, alkaline phosphatase – 291.99 ± 12.517 IU/l,α-amylase – 169.82 ± 5.005 g/h×l. Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of the longest back muscle of young pigs of large white breed show that the number of high quality samples in terms of “moisture holding capacity, %” is equal to 12.0%, “color intensity, units. ext. × 1000” – 16.0 %, “tenderness, c” – 12.0 % and “fat content, %” – 16.0 %. Significant correlations were established between the following pairs of features: moisture holding capacity, % × protein content, % (-0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity, % × heat loss, % -0.416 ± 0.1896, tr = 2.19), fat content, % × moisture holding capacity, %, (-0.450 ± 01862, tr = 2.42), fat content, % × energy value, kcal (0.836 ± 0.1144, tr = 7.31), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, mmol/h/l × pH, units of acidity, (0.443 ± 0.1859, tr = 2.37), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × color intensity, units. ext. × 1000 (-0.483 ± 0.1826, tr = 2.65), alkaline phosphatase activity, units/l × P, % (0.484 ± 0.1825, tr = 2.65)

The influence of the preparation “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of blood of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of “Bendamin” on the morphological and biochemical indices of rat blood in experimental modeling of heart failure. The investigation were performed on white sexually mature young  male-rats of Wistar line  weighing 180–200 g, kept at the standard ration of the institute vivarium of the State Research Institute of Veterinary Preparations and Fodder Additives. To create a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, 24 male rats were selected. Animals were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals in each: control group – intact animals; experimental group E1, in which animals were modeled doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by intraperitoneal injected of doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg 3 times a week for two weeks; experimental group E2, in which animals, after injection of doxorubicin, the preparation “Bendamin” was injected in the dose 20 mg/kg intragastrically. For experimental modeling of heart a decrease in the number of red blood cells was found in the blood of rats of the first experimental group by 34.7 % and hemoglobin level – by 24.2 %, with a simultaneous increase in the average hemoglobin content in one erythrocyte by 16.2 %. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats of the first experimental group was accompanied by a decrease in leukocyte count by 22.2 %, an increase in uric acid level by almost in 2 times, creatinine by 11.4 %, cholesterol by 61.1 %. In the research of the protein synthesizing function of the liver of rats in experimental modeling of heart failure, a decrease in total protein by 9.6 % was found. These changes were accompanied by a slight decrease in albumin levels and a slight increase in globulin levels. By intoxication with doxorubicin, rats of the first experimental group showed a violation of the functional state of the liver, indicating an increase in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood, namely: AlAT by 34.2 %, AsAT – by 21.7 %, accordingly. Positive action of cardio preparation “Bendamin” on rats organism under conditions of creation of a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was installed, manifested by the normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters, functional status and protein synthesis of the liver

HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RATS AFTER CADMIUM TOXICOSIS

In the article we analysed biochemical and morphological indices of rats’ blood under cadmium loading. We fixed the reduction of erythrocytes and leucocytes amount in blood of researching rats and increasing of amino transpherases activity. The amounts of erythrocytes and leucocytes and contents of hemoglobin are important indices of organism reaction on toxic action of cadmium chloride. We found out that in rat’s blood who were given cadmium chloride there amount of erythrocytes diminished to 36 %. The receiving research results find out that poisoning of rats by cadmium results into changes of morphological and biochemical composition of rats, increasing of erythrocytes and leucocytes and rising of aminotransferase activity, increasing of   hemoglobin in blood of researched animals

Influence of Milk Thistle Shot on Quality Parameters of the Sour-milk Beverage

Modern complicated ecological conditions cause a general necessity in improving the food structure of the population due to improving the quality, biological value and taste characteristics of products. Just that is why, the aim of the work was to study the influence of milk thistle shot on quality parameters of the sour-milk beverage – kefir. It was established, that it had the homogenous consistence with a broken clot and color from white to creamy with shot particles. The increase of the milk thistle shot dose to 3 % and 4 % results in the taste with the brightly expressed milk thistle smack and brown color with the expressed milk thistle content. The viscosity of kefir with fms 2,5 % changes during seven days of storage, although remains rather high at 8 day, namely 47 s. The increase of the viscosity of kefir with milk thistle shot is explained by its hygroscopic properties, in which result free moisture of the product is bound. The analysis of microbiological parameters in the process of storage of kefir with milk thistle shot allows to make a conclusion about the satisfactory sanitary condition of the new product and its harmlessness for consumer's health. In the kefir with milk thistle shot the general amount of amino acids grew by 11,6 %, including irreplaceable ones – by 10,1 %, replaceable – by 12,6 %, that indicates its biological value.Addition of milk thistle shot to kefir didn't cause changes of the biological value of the protein component of the combined product. It is testified by the mean value of amino acid scores of control (129,3 %) and experimental (127,9 %) samples of kefir. Some growth of the valine score (3,6 %) can be noted.So, the combined product is characterized by the balanced amino acid composition. Due to adding milk thistle shot, consumption of amino acids, necessary for synthesis of proteins and essential number of compounds, vitally important for the human organism, grew