Full counting statistics of Luttinger liquid conductor

Non-equilibrium bosonization technique is used to study current fluctuations of interacting electrons in a single-channel quantum wire representing a Luttinger liquid (LL) conductor. An exact expression for the full counting statistics of the transmitted charge is derived. It is given by Fredholm determinant of the counting operator with a time dependent scattering phase. The result has a form of counting statistics of non-interacting particles with fractional charges, induced by scattering off the boundaries between the LL wire and the non-interacting leads.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure

Coexistence of Coulomb blockade and zero bias anomaly in a strongly coupled quantum dot

The current-voltage characteristics through a metallic quantum dot which is well coupled to a metallic lead are measured. It is shown that the I-V curves are composed of two contributions. One is a suppression of the tunneling conductivity at the Fermi level and the second is an oscillating feature which shifts with gate voltage. The results indicate that Zero-Bias-Anomaly and Coulomb Blockade phenomena coexist in an asymmetric strongly coupled quantum dot.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to characterise parenting interventions to prevent intergenerational child abuse

Research shows that parents with a history of child abuse are at risk of perpetuating the cycle of abuse; however, exploration of intervention content is still a neglected area. This qualitative study identifies intervention components and corresponding mechanisms of change of parenting interventions to prevent intergenerational child abuse. Interviews with ten heads of interventions from the UK and USA were coded using deductive framework analysis. The Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) Taxonomy and Behaviour Change Wheel were used to code intervention components including BCTs and intervention functions. Mechanisms of change were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Twelve BCTs and eight intervention functions were identified including education, enablement and training delivered through BCTs of instruction on how to perform a behaviour, restructuring the environment and social support. Corresponding mechanisms of change include behaviour regulation, knowledge and social influences, among others. This study offers insight into targeting and tailoring services to improve outcomes for parents with a history of child abuse. Findings suggest that there are possible mechanisms through which vulnerable parents can be helped to break the cycle of abuse including promoting social support, regulating parents’ behaviour through trauma-informed approaches and enhancing knowledge, self-esteem and confidence in parenting

Mental Health Training to Improve Communication with Children and Adolescents: A Process Evaluation

Aims and objective: To characterise the intervention components, mechanisms of change and barriers to implementation of an intervention to improve communication behaviour of hospital staff surrounding mental health with children and adolescents. Background: Healthcare professionals consistently report a lack of confidence and knowledge to care for young people experiencing mental health difficulties. We Can Talk is a one‐day training, delivered to hospital staff, which provides tools to improve their communication with children and adolescents about mental health. Initial evaluation suggests the training improved confidence and skills regarding communication; however, the effective intervention components and mechanisms of change are not yet understood. Design: A process evaluation was conducted using a qualitative research design. Methods: Document analysis of the training manual, using the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy, characterised intervention components. Ten interviews with paediatric staff from an east London hospital were conducted post‐intervention. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, the mechanisms of change and remaining barriers to communication were coded thematically. COREQ checklist was used in the reporting of the study. Results: Twenty behaviour change techniques were identified. Communication about mental health was mainly facilitated through improving the knowledge, cognitive and interpersonal skills, and beliefs about capabilities of healthcare professionals. A small number of staff continued to experience barriers to communication including a lack of opportunity for communication, beliefs that their professional role is not suited to supporting mental health and nervousness. Behaviour change techniques are highlighted to address remaining barriers reported post‐intervention. Conclusions: Using validated and systematic behaviour change tools, this process evaluation contributes to the translation of evidence to clinical practice for more effective, sustainable and transparent mental health care, reducing the research‐practice gap in this area. Relevance to clinical practice: These findings can facilitate implementation of evidence‐based practice and inform interventions, improving clinical practice and outcomes for children and adolescents