Modelos de optimización de localización de bases de bicicletas públicas: un enfoque basado en Sistemas de Información

Un número creciente de ciudades están implementando programas de bicicletas públicas para incrementar el uso de la bicicleta. Uno de los factores clave en el éxito de estos programas es la localización de las bases en relación a la demanda potencial (población, actividades, estaciones de transporte público). En este trabajo se propone una metodología apoyada en un Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS) para optimizar la localización de bases de bicicletas en función de la distribución espacial de la demanda potencial de viajes. Esta metodología utiliza modelos de localización óptima de servicios. Aquí se comparan los resultados obtenidos mediante dos de las soluciones más usadas, mínima impedancia y máxima cobertura, concluyendo que el segundo es más útil para el objetivo del trabajo. En ambos casos se observan rendimientos decrecientes: con el aumento del número de bases las mejoras en cantidad de población cubierta y accesibilidad son cada vez menores. A la vez, estos modelos permiten también determinar la capacidad necesaria en las bases y conocer las características de su demanda según la cual se puede clasificar a las bases diferenciando entre generadoras y atractoras de viajes. Dado que también la estructura espacial de la red propuesta juega un papel importante en el uso de las bases, adicionalmente se realiza un análisis de accesibilidad para calcular el volumen de actividad que al que tiene acceso cada una de las bases. Este análisis permite descartar bases relativamente aisladas y que por lo tanto tendrían poca utilidad para sus potenciales usuarios

〈初期軍記〉における戦闘被害の表現-女の描かれ方をめぐって-

軍記・語り物研究会第374回例会(平成19年7月22日・於:法政大学)共同討議「初期軍記」研究の検証と展開-新たな「状況」と「変容」を探る-における基調報

Mean and standard error of the mean of retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses obtained with the Cirrus and Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices in patients with early and advantage stages of Fibromyalgia syndrome and statistical significance with controls.

<p>Mean and standard error of the mean of retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses obtained with the Cirrus and Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices in patients with early and advantage stages of Fibromyalgia syndrome and statistical significance with controls.</p

Mean and standard error of the mean of retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses obtained with the Cirrus and Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices in patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome and controls, and statistical significance.

<p>Mean and standard error of the mean of retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses obtained with the Cirrus and Spectralis optical coherence tomography devices in patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome and controls, and statistical significance.</p

Representation and interpretation of the report from the Axonal application of the Spectralis optical coherence tomography in a control (left side) and in a patient with fibromyalgia and retina nerve fiber layer thinning (right side).

<p>Representation and interpretation of the report from the Axonal application of the Spectralis optical coherence tomography in a control (left side) and in a patient with fibromyalgia and retina nerve fiber layer thinning (right side).</p

Epidemiologic and disease characteristics of 116 patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and 144 controls included in the study, and statistical significance of the comparisons between the groups (P).

<p>Epidemiologic and disease characteristics of 116 patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and 144 controls included in the study, and statistical significance of the comparisons between the groups (P).</p

Bar charts representing optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements in eyes from 116 fibromyalgia patients and 144 controls.

<p>A- Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements using the ganglion cell layer analysis of Cirrus OCT device. B- Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements using the Glaucoma analytic application of the Spectralis OCT device. C- Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements using the Nsite RNFL Axonal application of the Spectralis OCT device.</p

Assessment of plasma chitotriosidase activity, CCL18/PARC concentration and NP-C suspicion index in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type C : A prospective observational study

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The diagnosis of NP-C remains challenging due to the non-specific, heterogeneous nature of signs/symptoms. This study assessed the utility of plasma chitotriosidase (ChT) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 18 (CCL18)/pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC) in conjunction with the NP-C suspicion index (NP-C SI) for guiding confirmatory laboratory testing in patients with suspected NP-C. In a prospective observational cohort study, incorporating a retrospective determination of NP-C SI scores, two different diagnostic approaches were applied in two separate groups of unrelated patients from 51 Spanish medical centers (n = 118 in both groups). From Jan 2010 to Apr 2012 (Period 1), patients with ≥2 clinical signs/symptoms of NP-C were considered 'suspected NP-C' cases, and NPC1/NPC2 sequencing, plasma chitotriosidase (ChT), CCL18/PARC and sphingomyelinase levels were assessed. Based on findings in Period 1, plasma ChT and CCL18/PARC, and NP-C SI prediction scores were determined in a second group of patients between May 2012 and Apr 2014 (Period 2), and NPC1 and NPC2 were sequenced only in those with elevated ChT and/or elevated CCL18/PARC and/or NP-C SI ≥70. Filipin staining and 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) measurements were performed in all patients with NP-C gene mutations, where possible. In total across Periods 1 and 2, 10/236 (4%) patients had a confirmed diagnosis o NP-C based on gene sequencing (5/118 [4.2%] in each Period): all of these patients had two causal NPC1 mutations. Single mutant NPC1 alleles were detected in 8/236 (3%) patients, overall. Positive filipin staining results comprised three classical and five variant biochemical phenotypes. No NPC2 mutations were detected. All patients with NPC1 mutations had high ChT activity, high CCL18/PARC concentrations and/or NP-C SI scores ≥70. Plasma 7-KC was higher than control cut-off values in all patients with two NPC1 mutations, and in the majority of patients with single mutations. Family studies identified three further NP-C patients. This approach may be very useful for laboratories that do not have mass spectrometry facilities and therefore, they cannot use other NP-C biomarkers for diagnosis