Evaluación de patrones de apego en niños prematuros, estudio comparativo con niños nacidos a término

Preliminary results of an ongoing investigation are presented in a public health center in the city of La Banda, province of Santiago del Estero, which aims to assess the incidence of prematurity in the child's attachment style. Children born preterm and full-term are evaluated during the second year of life (12-24 months). It is based on the idea that some characteristics of prematurity, such as hospitalization in neonatology and behavioral and emotional manifestations different from that of children born at term, can introduce differences in the way of linking. The sample consisted of 30 mother-baby dyads corresponding to two groups: group A, composed of mother- premature baby dyads, and a control group B, composed of mother-non-premature baby dyads, 15 of these correspond to mother/premature son and 15 to mother/non premature child. Fifteen girls and 15 males were studied. Healthy children were selected for the non-premature children control group (without previous pathologies). The mothers were between 22 and 37 years old and the children between 12 and 24 months old. To assess the attachment, the Argentine Procedure of the Strange Situation scale was used (Rodríguez and Oiberman, 2013) and socio-demographic information of certain variables that could be associated with the quality of attachment of infants with their mothers (maternal age, marital status, maternal work, child's gender and time of child's admission) was compiled. The Argentine Procedure of the Strange Situation is a controlled laboratory procedure consisting of observation in a double-mirror room, where the infant and his mother are evaluated in 8 episodes of 3 minutes each, in which the mother separates from and meets with her son, together with the presence of a stranger. For the statistical analysis of the data obtained, the statistical package for social sciences was used (SPSS). The research has the endorsement of the Institutional Committee of Ethics of Research in Health (CIEIS) corresponding to the Ministry of Health and Social development of Santiago del Estero, which certifies that the investigation complies with the ethical requirements. The results show that there are no statistical significant differences among the groups studied in the quality of attachment. Although it can be observed that the percentage of safe attachment is lower in premature infants in relation to children born at term, 60 % and 73 % respectively, this difference does not become significant at the statistical level. It should be taken into account that in this study we worked with a small simple; perhaps in a broader number of members of each group the results have significant differences. Similarly, no relationship was found between the socio-demographic variables studied and the style of attachment of the child. It was found that, in the case of premature born children, the time of hospitalization is related to the quality of attachment, most children who had a safe attachment style are those who had fewer days of hospitalization (less than 15 days). This study may be considered one of the first in South America to analyze the frequency of adherence patterns in premature early childhood, with the use of the argentine adaptation of the instrument that has more validation in the subject of attachment. These first results of the research in progress have certain limitations: one of them is the number of cases analyzed, and a second one was that the work was done with moderate and late preterm. It would be interesting to analyze the results of a study including children born with extreme prematurity (before 28 weeks).Se presentan resultados preliminares de una investigación en curso que se realiza en un centro público de salud de la ciudad de La Banda, provincia de Santiago del Estero, que propone evaluar la incidencia de la prematuridad en el estilo de apego del niño. Se evalúan niños nacidos prematuros y nacidos a término entre 12 y 24 meses. Se parte de la idea de que características de la prematuridad, tales como la internación en neonatología y las manifestaciones conductuales y emocionales diferentes a las de niños nacidos a término, pueden introducir diferencias en el apego. La muestra estuvo integrada por 30 díadas madre-bebé correspondientes a dos grupos: (A) compuesto por díadas madre-bebé prematuro, y (B) de control, compuesto por díadas madre-bebé no prematuro. Para evaluar el apego, se utilizó la escala Procedimiento Argentino de la Situación Extraña (Rodríguez y Oiberman, 2013) y se recopiló información sociodemográfica de determinadas variables que pudieran estar asociadas a la calidad del apego de los infantes con sus madres (edad materna, estado civil, trabajo materno, género del niño y tiempo de internación del niño). Los resultados muestran que no existen diferencias con significación estadística entre los grupos estudiados en la calidad del apego. Se encontró relación entre el tiempo de internación y la distribución de apego, siendo que a mayor frecuencia de apego seguro, menor tiempo de internación del niño. Este estudio es uno de los primeros en analizar la distribución del apego en infantes nacidos prematuros en Sudamérica.Fil: Gutierrez, María José. Universidad Católica de Santiago del Estero. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentin

Mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil

Remyelination occurs in demyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) and pharmacological treatments that enhance this process will critically impact the long term functional outcome in the disease. Sildenafil, a cyclic GMP (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I), is an oral vasodilator drug extensively used in humans for treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. PDE5 is expressed in central nervous system (CNS) neuronal and glial populations and in endothelial cells and numerous studies in rodent models of neurological disease have evidenced the neuroprotective potential of PDE5-Is. Using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a MS model, we previously showed that daily administration of sildenafil starting at peak disease rapidly ameliorates clinical symptoms while administration at symptoms onset prevents disease progression. These beneficial effects of the drug involved down-regulation of adaptive and innate immune responses, protection of axons and oligodendrocytes (OLs) and promotion of remyelination. In this work we have investigated mechanisms involved in the remyelinating effect of sildenafil. Using demyelinated organotypic cerebellar slice cultures we demonstrate that sildenafil stimulates remyelination by direct effects on CNS cells in a nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent manner. We also show that sildenafil treatment enhances OL maturation and induces expression of the promyelinating factor ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) in spinal cord of EAE mice and in cerebellar slice cultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sildenafil promotes a M2 phenotype in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM) and increases myelin phagocytosis in these cells and in M2 microglia/macrophages in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Taken together these data indicate that promotion of OL maturation directly or through induction of growth factor expression, regulation of microglia/macrophage inflammatory phenotype and clearance of myelin debris may be relevant mechanisms involved in sildenafil enhancement of remyelination in demyelinated tissue and further support the contention that this well tolerated drug could be useful for ameliorating MS pathology

Cooperación interuniversitaria de grupos latinoamericanos y españoles en docencia de posgrado: dimensiones académicas formativas de la producción y gestión social del hábitat

El trabajo presenta la conformación, evolución e impacto de una experiencia de cooperación interuniversitaria en formación de postgrado sobre producción y gestión social del hábitat, entre tres equipos docentes que involucran a cuatro universidades, dos latinoamericanas y dos españolas, integrados por miembros del Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Vivienda (IIDVi) de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la UNNE (Argentina), miembros de la Unidad Permanente de Vivienda (UPV) de la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad de la República de Uruguay y miembros del Máster en Gestión Social del Hábitat de la Universidad de Sevilla, que involucra al Grupo de Investigación Aula Digital de la Ciudad (ADiCi) de la U.S. y al Grupo de Investigación Estructuras y Sistemas Territoriales (GIEST) de la Universidad de Pablo de Olavide también de Sevilla, España. La relación entre estos grupos comenzó en el año 2005 a partir de la confluencia de intereses convergentes y fue atravesando por distintos momentos de cooperación y de incorporación de socios. En el transcurso, las actividades de cooperación adquirieron diferentes características y los resultados parciales produjeron impactos en los tres centros geográficos involucrados. Los impactos fueron fundamentalmente de tipo académico-formativo en las distintas universidades participantes, si bien tuvieron también una incidencia indirecta en las estructuras públicas de producción y gestión del hábitat, a través de la participación de profesionales pertenecientes a organismos públicos en los cursos de posgrado ofrecidos por esta red de cooperación. Actualmente la Red continúa desarrollando actividades y compromisos asumidos y otras actividades no programadas, surgidas del propio intercambio entre los equipos de trabajo de los distintos centros universitarios.Fil: Barreto, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial y del Habitat Humano. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Instituto de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial y del Habitat Humano.; ArgentinaFil: Benitez, María Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: López Medina, José María. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Pelli, María Bernabela. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Torres Gutierrez, Francisco José. Universidad de Sevilla; EspañaFil: Vallés, Raúl. Universidad de la República; Urugua

The histology of dermal glands of mating Breviceps with comments on their possible functional value in microhylids (Amphibia: Anura)

During mating male and female Breviceps become ‘glued’ together. The distribution of multicellular dermal glands varies between the sexes. The mate has a large number of holocrine glands on the ventrum, while the female has similar glands on the dorsum of the back. II thus appears that both sexes contribute to the ‘glueing’ mechanism. New hypotheses to explain the adhesion between the sexes are proposed, viz., that the shift to terrestrial habils and subterranean laying in Breviceps have secondarily resulted in male si2e diminution. In other microhylids which adhere during aquatic oviposition, yet demonstrate a terrestrial morphology and habits, bouyancy is suggested to be of primary functional value.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración del Dr. Jorge Williams (FCNM-UNLP).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The histology of dermal glands of mating Breviceps with comments on their possible functional value in microhylids (Amphibia: Anura)

During mating male and female Breviceps become ‘glued’ together. The distribution of multicellular dermal glands varies between the sexes. The mate has a large number of holocrine glands on the ventrum, while the female has similar glands on the dorsum of the back. II thus appears that both sexes contribute to the ‘glueing’ mechanism. New hypotheses to explain the adhesion between the sexes are proposed, viz., that the shift to terrestrial habils and subterranean laying in Breviceps have secondarily resulted in male si2e diminution. In other microhylids which adhere during aquatic oviposition, yet demonstrate a terrestrial morphology and habits, bouyancy is suggested to be of primary functional value.Material digitalizado en SEDICI gracias a la colaboración del Dr. Jorge Williams (FCNM-UNLP).Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Solid phosphoric acid catalysts based on mesoporous silica for levoglucosenone production via cellulose fast pyrolysis

Biochemicals are interesting alternatives for biomass valorization owing to their much higher added value compared to biofuels and energy products. Several methods for the production of valuable chemicals such as levoglucosenone (LGO) via thermochemical processes over solid acid catalysts are being investigated due to their important advantages compared to conventional biomass acid impregnation techniques. The present work explores the synthesis of catalytic materials for the production of this platform molecule.Fil: Santander, José Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Química del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Química. Instituto de Química del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, Victoria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Volpe, María Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Determination of cytokeratins 1, 13 and 14 in oral lichen planus

Introduccion: Cytokeratins (CK) are molecules of the cytoskeleton that contribute to the cellular differenciation. We studied the expression of CK1, CK13 and CK14 in thirty-three patients with OLP. The biopsied lesions were located in the dorsal surface of the tongue, the palatal keratinized mucosa and the nonkeratinized buccal mucosa. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the expression of CK1, CK13 and CK14 in oral lichen planus (OLP) and its relations with: clinical patterns, prognosis, drugs and tobacco intake and histopathological features. Study Design: Immunohistochemical analysis, retrospective, descriptive, observational and no randomized study. Results: No significant difference was observed in the expression of CK1 in patients with or without drug treat - ment. No association was found with the amount of drugs intake or smoking nor with the histopathological fea - tures examined. Samples immunostained with CK13 were all positive in the suprabasal layers, and 13 of them in the basal layer. In these last ones, statistical analysis showed significance in the grade of vacuolization of the basal layer ( p =0.023) and in the degree of exocytosis ( p =0.0025), this, making the degree of affection higher for both parameters. Thirty-two tissue sections were immunostained with CK14. CK14 was expressed in the basal layer in 97% of samples and in the suprabasal layer in 94% of samples. Conclusions: The three CK were altered in OLP. CK1 does not have a direct connection with the presence of or - thokeratosis. The finding of the CK13 in the basal layer is related to the agression of the lymphocytic infiltration in the epithelium, due to the basal stratum vacuolization and the increase in lymphocytic exocitosis. The presence of CK14 in the suprabasal stratums is not a parameter to predict malignancy. The CK in OLP do not follow the normal pattern of keratinized or non-keratinized mucosa

Sustainable Development and Consumer Behavior in Rural Tourism¿The Importance of Image and Loyalty for Host Communities

In recent years, rural tourism has experienced a major boom; it was once a secondary type of tourism but has now become a significant alternative option within the Spanish economy. This type of tourism facilitates the sustainable development of the host communities and their surroundingareas, becoming an extra source of income in some cases, and the principal business in others. It is therefore important to ascertain which variables influence the behavior of rural tourists. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence on rural tourist behavior of destination image, bothinitial and final, as well as tourist satisfaction and loyalty to the area. Loyalty, which translates into repeat visits to the area and recommendations to third parties, promotes the sustainable development of rural areas. After an exhaustive review of the literature on the relevant variables, an empiricalstudy was carried out using a questionnaire designed for tourists over 18 years old who visited the province of Soria (Spain) and stayed in a rural tourism establishment. This resulted in a total of 1658 valid completed questionnaires. A structural equation model was then drawn up to discover the relationships between all the variables. The results demonstrated the importance of destination image in the formation of the new image, and also showed that tourist satisfaction is the variable that most strongly influences loyalty to the tourist area. This study is a novel contribution to the study of sustainable development in rural areas since it focuses on tourist loyalty and its resulting benefits

Sustainable Development and Rural Tourism in Depopulated Areas

The high degree of depopulation in certain areas of Spain is a serious threat to the country, and is aggravated by the ongoing loss of population from those areas. Rural tourism is one of the activities that can help prevent this depopulation. However, to successfully promote such tourism, we must consider the elements that have the greatest influence on tourists when they choose one location over another, or one accommodation over another. Extensive data have been collected from 1658 valid surveys of tourists in one of the most depopulated areas of Spain. Several multivariate techniques were then applied to the data, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) andMultiple Classification Analysis (MCA). Factors were obtained that identified both the different motivations that influence tourists, and the variables that identify the province based on its image. An analysis was then made of how both the variables thus identified the influence of the formation of the image that tourists take away from the visit. Tourists are most strongly motivated by natural landscapes, monuments, or events of cultural interest, i.e., natural and cultural attractions rather than social ones, and the cognitive image has the greatest influence on the formation of the new image. The principal findings of this research are that the future of many of these depopulated areas depends on successfully promoting both their beautiful landscapes and their cultural heritage, as well as developing and improving the areas themselves so that the depopulation is slowed down or even reversed, to the benefit of the local population. This would also benefit the local and regional authorities and the establishments linked to rural tourism in the area, increasing their profits and raising the level of employment in the province