Probing the ZZgamma and Zgammagamma Couplings Through the Process e+e- --> nu anti-nu gamma

We study the sensitivity for testing the anomalous triple gauge couplings $ZZ\gamma$ and $Z\gamma\gamma$ via the process $e^+e^-\to \nu \bar\nu \gamma$ at high energy linear colliders. For integrated luminosities of 500 $fb^{-1}$ and center of mass energies between 0.5 and 1.5 $TeV$, we find that this process can provide tests of the triple neutral gauge boson couplings of order $10^{-4}$, one order of magnitude lower than the standard model prediction.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Transverse Takahashi Identities and Their Implications for Gauge Independent Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking

In this article, we employ transverse Takahashi identities to impose valuable non-perturbative constraints on the transverse part of the fermion-photon vertex in terms of new form factors, the so called $Y_i$ functions. We show that the implementation of these identities is crucial in ensuring the correct local gauge transformation of the fermion propagator and its multiplicative renormalizability. Our construction incorporates the correct symmetry properties of the $Y_i$ under charge conjugation operation as well as their well-known one-loop expansion in the asymptotic configuration of incoming and outgoing momenta. Furthermore, we make an explicit analysis of various existing constructions of this vertex against the demands of transverse Takahashi identities and the previously established key features of quantum electrodynamics, such as gauge invariance of the critical coupling above which chiral symmetry is dynamically broken. We construct a simple example in its quenched version and compute the mass function as we vary the coupling strength and also calculate the corresponding anomalous dimensions $\gamma_m$. There is an excellent fit to the Miransky scalling law and we find $\gamma_m=1$ rather naturally in accordance with some earlier results in literature, using arguments based on Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential technique. Moreover, we numerically confirm the gauge invariance of this critical coupling.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Anderson Localization in Disordered Vibrating Rods

We study, both experimentally and numerically, the Anderson localization phenomenon in torsional waves of a disordered elastic rod, which consists of a cylinder with randomly spaced notches. We find that the normal-mode wave amplitudes are exponentially localized as occurs in disordered solids. The localization length is measured using these wave amplitudes and it is shown to decrease as a function of frequency. The normal-mode spectrum is also measured as well as computed, so its level statistics can be analyzed. Fitting the nearest-neighbor spacing distribution a level repulsion parameter is defined that also varies with frequency. The localization length can then be expressed as a function of the repulsion parameter. There exists a range in which the localization length is a linear function of the repulsion parameter, which is consistent with Random Matrix Theory. However, at low values of the repulsion parameter the linear dependence does not hold.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure

Bose-Einstein Condensate Driven by a Kicked Rotor in a Finite Box

We study the effect of different heating rates of a dilute Bose gas confined in a quasi-1D finite, leaky box. An optical kicked-rotor is used to transfer energy to the atoms while two repulsive optical beams are used to confine the atoms. The average energy of the atoms is localized after a large number of kicks and the system reaches a nonequilibrium steady state. A numerical simulation of the experimental data suggests that the localization is due to energetic atoms leaking over the barrier. Our data also indicates a correlation between collisions and the destruction of the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Global gene expression analysis provides insight into local adaptation to geothermal streams in tadpoles of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.The anuran Rhinella spinulosa is distributed along the Andes Range at altitudes that undergo wide daily and seasonal variation in temperature. One of the populations inhabits geothermal streams, a stable environment that influences life history traits such as the timing of metamorphosis. To investigate whether this population has undergone local adaptation to this unique habitat, we carried out transcriptome analyses in animals from two localities in two developmental stages (prometamorphic and metamorphic) and exposed them to two temperatures (20 and 25 degrees C). RNA-Seq, de novo assembly and annotation defined a transcriptome revealing 194,469 high quality SNPs, with 1,507 genes under positive selection. Comparisons among the experimental conditions yielded 1,593 differentially expressed genes. A bioinformatics search for candidates revealed a total of 70 genes that are highly likely to be implicated in the adaptive response of the population living in a stable environment, compared to those living in an environment with variable temperatures. Most importantly, the population inhabiting the geothermal environment showed decreased transcriptional plasticity and reduced genetic variation compared to its counterpart from the non-stable environment. This analysis will help to advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that account for the local adaptation to geothermal streams in anurans.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01982-