Report on the 2-D Model Intercomparison Workshop held January 11-16, 1987 in Fort Myers Beach, Florida, chapter 2

In the attempts to understand the processes which affect ozone in the stratosphere, and to predict future ozone levels, a variety of computer models were developed and employed. To oversimplify somewhat, the models range from 1-D models with intricately detailed photochemistry but only the crudest representation of transport, to 3-D general circulation models with intricately detailed dynamics and no photochemistry at all. Each of these has its appropriate uses. It was felt that there was much to be gained from intermediate models incorporating an extensive treatment of photochemistry with a dynamical framework which at least recognizes that atmospheric motions are advective as well as diffusive, and that both chemistry and dynamics are subject to latitudinal and seasonal variations. Thus the 2-D, zonally averaged models have begun to play a larger role in the last seven years, both in attempting to understand observed distributions of trace species and in attempting to assess the probable effects of antropogenic perturbations. There are many choices to be made in developing the model. It was the purpose of the 2-D model Intercomparison Workshop to permit discussion of the choices made and the behavior of the resulting models. The goal was not to identify a best set of choices, but rather to identify areas in which the models are sensitive to the choices made, and to develop a sense of where these models as a class do well or poorly in simulating the observed atmosphere

Stratosphere chemistry in a 2-D model with residual circulation

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of chemical perturbations on the stratosphere using models which can incorporate fully interactive radiative, chemical, and dynamical responses, in the context of a zonally averaged model. Model runs for the unperturbed, chlorine-perturbed and simultaneously chlorine-and CO2-perturbed cases were completed using the JPL-87 chemical kinetics data. The base case was analyzed and submitted for publication. The perturbed cases show substantial sensitivity of the predicted column ozone depletion to the perturbations affecting lower stratosphere temperature, but less to far dynamical perturbations. The column ozone distribution changed substantially when the kinetics data was changed. This implies a greater-than-expected uncertainty in predicted latitude distributions of ozone depletion, due to uncertainty about the accuracy and completeness of the chemical kinetics data set

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 5

Advertisements; The Garnet Triumphant; The Freshman Banquet; Juniors and Sophomores Tie; Albany Law School; At The Medical; Football Scores; An Amusing Situation; Seniors 5 sophomores 0; The Message; Accidents of Football; Campues Notes; Coming Games; The Alumni Column; Dr. Denis Wortman Retires; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1901/1021/thumbnail.jp

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 14

Advertisements; McKinley\u27s Birthday Exercises at the Law School; Promising Baseball Season; The Scotch People; Southern Club; Eulogy of McKinley; Note; Education Here and Abroad; Magnificent Gift to Harvard; Book Review; The House of Caesar ; Plans for Convocation Week; College Talk; The Alumni Column; Dr. Hale to Lecture; College Calendar; Underpayment of Professors; Syracuse Endowment Fund; Tiger\u27s Eye; Inter-Collegiate; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1902/1004/thumbnail.jp

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 3

Advertisements; Biographical Sketch of the Late Professor Maurice Perkins, M.D.; Gulian Lansing; The Cornell Game; Union 0 Amherst 0; Union 21, Colgate 0; The Junior Hop; Class Elections; The Alumni Column; At the Law School; The Yale Bi-Centennial; Prominent Football Games for October 26; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1901/1019/thumbnail.jp

The Tree Troopers

The Civilian Conservation Corps is now three years old. It was created by Act of Congress of March 31, 1933, and on April 10, 1933, the first of the American youth signed up in this great social experiment. It was an experiment in unemployment relief, in government organization, in using green and raw youth in conservation. It was an unusual experiment in federal and state cooperation, involving 4 different government departments and 48 different states. The game started with a bang and the rules had to be made as the game went on. Plays had to be worked out and tried as the game progressed; some proved to be good and have been used ever since, others had to be dropped. The game went on, and still goes on

Assessing Doppler-Derived Pressure Gradients and Liver Echogenicity to Predict Liver Disease

Liver disease causes an estimated 36,000 deaths in the United States each year. Currently, to detect liver disease, an invasive biopsy is required. Other, less invasive diagnostic alternatives are needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified form of sonographic screening, including portal, hepatic, and splenic venous pressure, hepatic venous waveform analysis, portal vein diameter, and echogenicity of liver parenchyma in predicting liver disease. The study was based on conversion of a velocity measurement to a pressure gradient, allowing a fluid comparison between known catheterization venous pressures and sonographic Doppler-derived pressure gradients. This study was a secondary data analysis of a data set from 546 patients who received abdominal sonograms at a medical facility in the western United States between March 2010 and December 2010. The dependent variable was liver disease and the independent variables were ECHOGRADE, hepatic venous waveform (HVW), splenic vein pressure gradient (SVPG), modified portal vein pressure gradient (MPVPG), and hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG). Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. ECHOGRADE, HVW, and MPVPG in males were found to be statistically significant in detecting liver disease, supporting the theoretical framework and thus documenting a novel use of Doppler for the detection of liver disease. The social change significance of these results is to provide clinicians with an alternative, noninvasive method of diagnosing early liver disease before it progresses into chronic liver disease. With earlier detection, severe adverse health outcomes leading to irreversible liver cirrhosis may be avoided

The Concordiensis, Volume 25, Number 19

Advertisements; Shylock; Beta Theta Pi Smoker; Inter-Class Meet in Gymnasium; Men and Measures at Washington; At the Law School; Telephone for Silliman Hall; Caps and Gowns for Seniors; William H. Seward at Union College; Chi Psi Convention; Track Prospects; College Talk; Advertisementshttps://digitalworks.union.edu/concordiensis_1902/1009/thumbnail.jp