Extração de DNA de materiais de arquivo e fontes escassas para utilização em reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR) Methods of DNA extraction from archived materials and rare sources for utilization in polymer chain reaction

Este trabalho visou a comparação de cinco métodos diferentes de extração de DNA de materiais de arquivo (tecidos incluídos em parafina, esfregaços de sangue periférico - corados e não corados com Leishman, lâminas com mielogramas, gotas de sangue em Guthrie Card) e de fontes escassas (células bucais, um e três bulbos capilares e 2 mL de urina), para que fossem avaliadas a facilidade de aplicação e a facilidade de amplificação deste DNA pela técnica da reação de polimerização em cadeia (PCR). Os métodos incluíram digestão por proteinase K, seguida ou não por purificação com fenol/clorofórmio; Chelex 100® (BioRad); Insta Gene® (BioRad) e fervura em água estéril. O DNA obtido foi testado para amplificação de três fragmentos gênicos: Brain-derived neutrophic factor (764 pb), Factor V Leiden (220 pb) e Abelson (106 pb). De acordo com o comprimento do fragmento gênico estudado, da fonte potencial de DNA e do método de extração utilizado, os resultados caracterizaram o melhor caminho para padronização de procedimentos técnicos a serem incluídos no manual de Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão do Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Hemocentro - HC - Unesp - Botucatu.<br>The present work aimed at comparing five different methods of DNA extraction of samples from archived materials (paraffin-embedded tissues, peripheral blood smears - stained or not with Leishman, aspired bone marrow smears and Guthrie card bloodspots) and from rare sources (oral cells, one and three capillary bulbs, 2 mL of urine), to evaluate the ease of application and the possibility of amplification of this DNA by the polymerization chain reaction (PCR) technique. The methods included proteinase K digestion - followed or not by phenol/chloroform purification, Chelex 100® (BioRad), InstaGene® (BioRad) and boiling in the sterile water. The DNA obtained was tested for amplification of three genic fragments: the brain-derived neutrophic factor gene (764 bp), the Factor V Leiden gene (220 bp) and the Abelson gene (106 bp). According to the gene fragment length studied, the DNA potential source and the extraction method used, the results characterized the best way to standardize technical procedures to be included in the Standard Operational Procedure Manual of the Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Blood Center in the Medicine School of Unesp, Botucatu, Brazil

Identification of human chromosome 22 transcribed sequences with ORF expressed sequence tags

Transcribed sequences in the human genome can be identified with confidence only by alignment with sequences derived from cDNAs synthesized from naturally occurring mRNAs. We constructed a set of 250,000 cDNAs that represent partial expressed gene sequences and that are biased toward the central coding regions of the resulting transcripts. They are termed ORF expressed sequence tags (ORESTES). The 250,000 ORESTES were assembled into 81,429 contigs. Of these, 1,181 (1.45%) were found to match sequences in chromosome 22 with at least one ORESTES contig for 162 (65.6%) of the 247 known genes, for 67 (44.6%) of the 150 related genes, and for 45 of the 148 (30.4%) EST-predicted genes on this chromosome. Using a set of stringent criteria to validate our sequences, we identified a further 219 previously unannotated transcribed sequences on chromosome 22. Of these, 171 were in fact also defined by EST or full length cDNA sequences available in GenBank but not utilized in the initial annotation of the first human chromosome sequence. Thus despite representing less than 15% of all expressed human sequences in the public databases at the time of the present analysis, ORESTES sequences defined 48 transcribed sequences on chromosome 22 not defined by other sequences. All of the transcribed sequences defined by ORESTES coincided with DNA regions predicted as encoding exons by genscan. (http://genes.mit.edu/GENSCAN.html)