Development of communicative competence as an object of foreign language teaching

The article deals with one of the most important objects of education, that is the communicative competence development of students. This competence is essential in the process of foreign language learning Its development is supposed to be foreign language acquisition and its using in a situation of communicationye

Influence of s-d scattering on the electron density of states in ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer

We study the dependence of the electronic density of states (DOS) on the distance from the boundary for a ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer. We calculate the electron density of states in such structure taking into account the two-band model of the ferromagnet (FM) with conducting s and localized d electrons and a simple s-wave superconductor (SC). It is demonstrated that due to the electron s-d scattering in the ferromagnetic layer in the third order of s-d scattering parameter the oscillation of the density of states has larger period and more drastic decrease in comparison with the oscillation period for the electron density of states in the zero order.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Vascular Smooth Muscle as an Oxygen Sensor: Role of Elevation of the [Na+]i/[K+]i

The article presents a review of data from our own research and data obtained by other authors about the role of intracellular sodium (Nai+) and potassium (Ki+) in transcriptomic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) during hypoxia. It was found that acute hypoxia suppressed [K+]o and phenylephrine-induced contractions of aortic rings through voltage-gated as well as by Cai2+- and ATP-sensitive K+ channels; 24-h incubation of VSMC in ischemic conditions resulted in attenuation of ATP content, elevation of [Na+]i and loss of [K+]i. Dissipation of Na+ and K+ gradients in low-Na+, high-K+ medium completely eliminated increment in Fos, Atf3, Ptgs2 and Per2 mRNAs and sharply diminished augmentation of Klf10, Edn1, Nr4a1 and Hes1 expression evoked by hypoxia. All these data suggest that Nai+/Ki+-mediated signaling contribute to transcriptomic changes in VSMC subjected to sustained hypoxia

Spin-flip scattering and non-ideal interfaces in dirty ferromagnet/superconductor junctions

We study the proximity-induced superconducting correlations as well as the local density of states of a ferromagnet, in a ferromagnet/s-wave superconductor heterostructure. We include the effects of spin-flip scattering, non-ideal interfaces, and the presence of impurities in the sample. We employ the quasiclassical theory of superconductivity, solving the Usadel equation with emphasis on obtaining transparent analytical results. As our main result, we report that in a certain parameter regime the spatial oscillations of the anomalous (superconducting) part of the Green's function induced in the ferromagnet by the proximity effect from the s-wave superconductor, are damped out due to the presence of spin-flip processes. As a consequence, spin-flip scattering may under certain conditions actually enhance the local density of states due to the oscillatory behaviour of the latter in ferromagnet/superconductor structures. We also conjecture that the damping could be manifested in the behaviour of the critical temperature ($T_c$) of the s-wave superconductor in contact with the ferromagnet. More specifically, we argue that the non-monotonic decrease of $T_c$ in ferromagnet/s-wave superconductor junctions without magnetic impurities is altered to a monotonic, non-oscillatory decrease when the condition $1>16\tau_\text{sf}^2h^2$ is fulfilled, where $\tau_\text{sf}$ is the spin-flip relaxation time and $h$ is the exchange field.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B. High-resolution figures to be available in published versio

Spin-current vortices in current-perpendicular-to-plane nanoconstricted spin-valves

The charge and spin diffusion equations taking into account spin-flip and spin-transfer torque were numerically solved using a finite element method in complex non-collinear geometry with strongly inhomogeneous current flow. As an illustration, spin-dependent transport through a non-magnetic nanoconstriction separating two magnetic layers was investigated. Unexpected results such as vortices of spin-currents in the vicinity of the nanoconstriction were obtained. The angular variations of magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque are strongly influenced by the structure geometry.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

International legal regulation of environmental management

The article provides an overview of the main international documents regulating environmental management measures. Identified three areas of modern international legal regulation of rational economic environmental manageme

Energy transfer in Tm,Ho:KYW crystal and diode-pumped microchip laser operation

© 2016 Optical Society of America.An investigation of Tm-Ho energy transfer in Tm(5at.%),Ho(0.4at.%):KYW single crystal by two independent techiques was performed. Based on fluorescence dynamics measurements, energy transfer parameters P71 and P28 for direct (Tm→Ho) and back (Ho→Tm) transfers, respectively, as well as equilibrium constant Θ were evaluated. The obtained results were supported by calculation of microscopic interaction parameters according to the Förster-Dexter theory for a dipoledipole interaction. Diode-pumped continuous-wave operation of Tm,Ho:KYW microchip laser was demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge. Maximum output power of 77 mW at 2070 nm was achieved at the fundamental TEM00 mode