Role of computational fluid dynamics in unsteady aerodynamics for aeroelasticity

In the last two decades there have been extensive developments in computational unsteady transonic aerodynamics. Such developments are essential since the transonic regime plays an important role in the design of modern aircraft. Therefore, there has been a large effort to develop computational tools with which to accurately perform flutter analysis at transonic speeds. In the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), unsteady transonic aerodynamics are characterized by the feature of modeling the motion of shock waves over aerodynamic bodies, such as wings. This modeling requires the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations. Most advanced codes such as XTRAN3S use the transonic small perturbation equation. Currently, XTRAN3S is being used for generic research in unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity of almost full aircraft configurations. Use of Euler/Navier Stokes equations for simple typical sections has just begun. A brief history of the development of CFD for aeroelastic applications is summarized. The development of unsteady transonic aerodynamics and aeroelasticity are also summarized

Computational, unsteady transonic aerodynamics and aeroelasticity about airfoils and wings

Research in the area of computational, unsteady transonic flows about airfoils and wings, including aeroelastic effects is reviewed. In the last decade, there have been extensive developments in computational methods in response to the need for computer codes with which to study fundamental aerodynamic and aeroelastic problems in the critical transonic regime. For example, large commercial aircraft cruise most effectively in the transonic flight regime and computational fluid dynamics (CDF) provides a new tool, which can be used in combination with test facilities to reduce the costs, time, and risks of aircraft development

Transonic unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic calculations about airfoils and wings

Research in the area of computational unsteady transonic flows about airfoils and wings, including aeroelastic effects was surveyed. In the last decade, there were extensive developments in computational methods in response to the need for computer codes with which to study fundamental aerodynamic and aeroelastic problems in the critical transonic regime. For example, large commercial aircraft cruise most effectively in the transonic flight regime and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provides a new tool, which can be used in combination with test facilities to reduce the costs, time, and risks of aircraft development

Extension of a streamwise upwind algorithm to a moving grid system

A new streamwise upwind algorithm was derived to compute unsteady flow fields with the use of a moving-grid system. The temporally nonconservative LU-ADI (lower-upper-factored, alternating-direction-implicit) method was applied for time marching computations. A comparison of the temporally nonconservative method with a time-conservative implicit upwind method indicates that the solutions are insensitive to the conservative properties of the implicit solvers when practical time steps are used. Using this new method, computations were made for an oscillating wing at a transonic Mach number. The computed results confirm that the present upwind scheme captures the shock motion better than the central-difference scheme based on the beam-warming algorithm. The new upwind option of the code allows larger time-steps and thus is more efficient, even though it requires slightly more computational time per time step than the central-difference option

DESIGN OF COX-2 INHIBITORS-AN IN-SILICO APPROACH

Objective: The aim of the present work was to design the novel series of chalcone derivatives of indane-1,3-dione for its inhibition towards COX-2. Methods: COX-2 inhibitors were designed on the binding ability of the compounds with the target. Docking analysis was performed using Acclerys discovery studio 3.5. Molecular properties, ADME parameters, Toxicity parameters were analysed using the same in-silico tool. Results: Most of the designed compounds were possessing good binding affinity towards the COX-2. Other in-silico parameters such as ADMET and TOPKAT were within the appreciable range. Among all the designed compounds several compounds possess good CDOCKER energy and CDOCKER interaction energy with specific amino acid indicating that it could possess good binding with the target. Most of the design compounds could act as COX-2 because it forms hydrogen bonding with ARG120. Conclusion: Compound l possess good binding affinity indicating that the presence of hydroxyl group in the phenyl ring possess good activity which can be further optimized for its druggabality after its pharmacological activity. Â&nbsp

Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central administration. Moreover, Every node in MANET moves arbitrarily making the multi-hop network topology to change randomly at unpredictable times. There are several familiar routing protocols like DSDV, AODV, DSR, etc...which have been proposed for providing communication among all the nodes in the network. This paper presents a performance comparison of proactive and reactive protocols DSDV, AODV and DSR based on metrics such as throughput, packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delay by using the NS-2 simulator.Comment: 9 Pages,10 Figures, 3 Table

Structure of pregna-4,16-diene-7α,14α-diol-3,20-dione

7α,14α-Dihydroxypregna-4,16-diene-3,20- dione, C21H28O4, Mr = 344.45, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 7.136 (1), b = 12.342 (1), c = 20.049 (3)Å, V= 1765.7 (3)Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.295 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα) = 1.5418Å, μ = 6.7 cm-1, F(000) = 744, T = 293 K, R = 0.048 for 1345 observations. The A ring may be described as in a l α,2β- half-chair conformation or a l α-sofa conformation. The B and C rings adopt normal chair conformations and the D ring has a 14α-envelope conformation. The molecules are held together by a hydrogen bond [O(3)...O(7)= 2.767 Å]

Structure of a steriod fungal metabolite

3α,7 α, 14 α -Trihydroxypregn-16-en-20-one, C21H3204, Mr = 348.48, orthorhombic, P212121, a = 9.211 (1), b = 13.201 (1), c = 16.031 (1) Å, V = 1949.28 (29) Å3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.187 g cm-3, λ(Cu Kα), = 1.5418 Å, μ = 6.07 cm-1, F(000) = 760, T= 293 K, R = 0.061 for 1337 observations. The A, B and C rings adopt normal chair conformations with the D ring in a 14α-envelope conformation. The molecules are held together by two hydrogen bonds [O(3)…O(20) = 2.879 and O(7)…O(14) = 2.612 Å]

A study on drug therapy issues in the department of medicine of a tertiary care teaching hospital-prospective observational study

Background: A drug therapy problem (DTP) is any undesirable event experienced by a patient that involves or is suspected to involve, drug therapy, and that interferes with achieving the desired goals of therapy. The improper use of drugs can lead to patient morbidity and even mortality. DTP s are the clinical territory of the pharmaceutical care practitioner and the resolution of identifying the DTPs help patients to achieve their goals of therapy. Identifying DTPs enables risk quantification and determination of the potential impact of prevention strategies.  DTPs are associated with prolonged length of stay and increased economic burden and results in increased risk of death.Methods: A hospital based, prospective observational study was conducted at department of medicine in Rajah Muthiah medical college and hospital, 80 patients were enrolled in this study based on the inclusion-exclusion criteria. The DTPs were identified using the Cipolle’s method of classification of DTP.Results: The study has shown that 80 of the patients involved in the study had a total of 136 DTPs. An average of 1.7 DTPs were recorded per patient during the study. The most common DTP identified was unnecessary drug therapy accounting to 47%. The absence of valid medical indication was (30%) and (16%) were due to the duplication of therapy. The second most common DTP was unsafe drug for patients, accounting to 45% were due to patient non-compliance and drug interaction which was minor. Need for additional drug therapy was the third most identified accounting 13% were due to medical indication indicate the need of drug therapy.Conclusions: The foremost commonly observed DTP is unnecessary therapy and patient non-compliance to the drugs. The study suggests that DTPs are significantly occurring in hospital can cause the patient for comorbidity, prolonged hospitalization. The study suggests that clinical pharmacist and general practitioners can work together to spot and resolve the DTPs