Electrophysiologic identification and evaluation of stylohyoid and posterior digastricus muscle complex

WOS: 000234785800007PubMed ID: 16202625Purpose: To identify the function of stylohyoid and posterior digastricus (STH-PD) muscle complex by the EMG techniques. Methods: Unaffected sides of the faces of 30 patients with facial paralysis or hemifacial spasm were investigated. A concentric needle electrode was inserted to the STH-PD muscle complex and another concentric needle electrode was inserted to the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle. Simultaneous recording were obtained from two muscles using electrical stimulation (ES) (in 25 cases) and magnetic coil stimulation (MS) (in 15 cases); and both in 10 cases. Afterwards, the function of STH-PD was studied such as whistling, lip purseing, swallowing, jaw opening and closing. Results: (1) The motor latency of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the STH-PD muscle was shorter than that of OO. (2) When the facial nerve was stimulated more distally than the stylomastoid foramen, the CMAP elicited from the STH-PD muscle complex immediately disappeared. (3) lpsilateral MS was able to elicit the motor evoked potential (MEP) from STH-PD either at intracranially (half of cases) or at the extracranially. While OO muscle was always stimulated intracranially by MS. (4) The STH-PD muscle complex could not be basically recruited by the mimicry except lip purseing. The main recruitment were provided by swallowing and jaw opening. Cortical MS were facilated during swallowing (5) Late reflex responses appeared in the STH-PD muscle complex during infraorbital-trigeminal and facial nerve ES. Conclusion: The STH-PD muscle complex is identified elect rophysiologically. Although it is innervated by the facial nerve, its functions are mainly related with jaw opening and oropharyngeal swallowing. However, it is activated by the lip purseing. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Motor evoked responses from the thigh muscles to the stimulation of the upper limb nerves in patients with late poliomyelitis

WOS: 000175320100004PubMed ID: 11955992Objectives: To demonstrate a clear-cut M response recorded from the severely affected thigh muscles to the stimulation of the Upper limb nerves in a serial of patients with late poliomyelitis. Methods: Fifteen patients with late poliomyelitis, 7 patients with spinal cord disorders and I I control subjects were included. Evoked muscle response,; were investigated in quadriceps femoris and/or thigh adductor muscles to the stimulation of the brachial plexus, median and ulnar nerves. Results: Evoked muscle responses were obtained from the thigh muscles in all 12 late polio patient,, with proximal lower extremity involvement. The response could not be recorded from the thigh muscles neither in the 3 polio patients with upper extremity involvement nor in the healthy control subjects and in patients with other spinal cord disorders of anterior horn cell. Conclusions: It is proposed that the electrical stimulation of the arm nerves produce interlimb descending muscle responses in the severely affected atrophic thigh muscles of the patients with late polio. This finding suggests that there might be a focal and/or specific loss of inhibitory interneurons between injured and normal motor neurons and increased facilitators synaptic action at the end of long propriospinal descending fibers, in the case of late poliomyelitis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

An electrophysiological study of the sequential water swallowing

WOS: 000318905600014PubMed ID: 23466271Background: Sequential water swallowing (SWS) was mostly investigated by the videofluoroscopic and endoscopic methods. However some physiological features of SWS was rarely evaluated by neurophysiological techniques. Our aim was to investigate some neural and muscular changes on sequences of SWS using electromyography (EMG) methods. Methods: Fifty-eight normal adults were investigated. SWS was initiated voluntarily with 50 ml and 100 ml water volumes from a cup. Submental EMG, respiratory signals, heart rate, and sympathetic skin responses (SSR) were measured during SWS. Key results: All parameters were increased significantly during the 100 ml SWS. During swallowing apnea period, compensatory respiration cycles occurred in 24% and 48% of participants in the 50 ml and 100 ml SWS, respectively. Heart rate increased during swallowing apnea. SSR were evoked just before and just after the SWS in more than halves of participants. A foreburst EMG in SM muscles at the initiation of SWS was recorded in 86% of normal participants. Older age was associated with a prolonged duration of the apnea period. Conclusions: All parameters of the SWS could be recorded numerically and objectively using electrphysiological methods. These are similar to those obtained by videofluoroscopic and similar methods. The foreburst activity of the initiation of SWS may represents preparatory activity from the activation of the fast cortical descending motor pathway. Increasing heart rate and the prolonged apnea urged that older people and patients could be carefully tested for respiratory and cardiac rhythm disorders. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Early Transient Dysphagia in Acute Pontin Infarctus

4th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Neurology (EAN) -- JUN 16-19, 2018 -- Lisbon, PORTUGALWOS: 000435272002207European Acad Neuro

Diagnostic value of lumbar root stimulation at the early stage of Guillain-Barré syndrome

PubMed ID: 22925837Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate diagnostic value of electrical lumbar root stimulation (RS) at the laminar level in the early stage of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Methods: Fifteen patients (30 sides) and nine controls (17 sides) were included in the study. Conventional nerve conduction studies, needle electromyography, F responses and electrical lumbar RS were obtained from both groups. The needle electrical stimulation was performed at the L2-3 intervertebral level. Vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were investigated bilaterally and simultaneously in the first and fourth weeks. Results: In all patients, the amplitudes elicited by lumbar RS were significantly attenuated while the conventional electrophysiological findings were normal and/or not diagnostic in 6 of 15 patients (40%) within the first week. Motor latencies by the lumbar RS were prolonged in the patients, compared to the controls, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusions: M-responses elicited by lumbar RS appear to be helpful in disclosing proximal conduction abnormalities of GBS early in the course. Significance: Lumbar RS seems to be a useful method in making the diagnosis of GBS early and there is no considerable side effect of this particular method. © 2012 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

Sympathetic skin responses in adult humans during sequential swallowing

WOS: 000313863200002PubMed ID: 23290172Study aims.-Autonomic changes, especially those of sympathetic skin responses (SSR), during sequential water swallowing (SWS) have not been systematically investigated. This study aims to electrophysiologically examine these autonomic changes (SSR and heart rate) that occur during 50 ml sequential water swallowing from a cup. Materials and methods.-Fifty-eight normal healthy adults were included in the study. Their submental muscle activity, respiratory activity, heart rate changes, and sympathetic skin responses were recorded during 50 ml water swallowing. In addition, we requested subjects to imagine drinking water as they did just before. The same recordings were performed during this imagination period. Results.-SSR appeared at the beginning and at the end of SWS in 52% of subjects. A first sympathetic skin response was evoked at the onset of SWS, and a second one appeared 8.6 +/- 1.7 seconds after the first one and at the end of swallowing. Similar double SSRs were also obtained during imagination in most investigated subjects (33 out of 35 of selected subjects in a total group of 58 subjects). Swallowing tachycardia was observed during the SWS-associated apnea period, but not during the imagination period. Heart rate significantly increased during the SWS-associated apnea period. Conclusion.-The first SSR that appeared at the onset of swallowing is likely related to arousal. The appearance of a second response is a novel finding, which is probably related to the activity of subtil corticosubcortical networks. While discrete/single swallows can be used to evoke SSRs, SWS is unlikely to be clinically useful in its current form. In contrast, swallowing tachycardia could be a useful tool to examine dysphagic patients. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved

Rutin Ameliorates Methotrexate Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats

PURPOSE: To investigate the possible protective effect of rutin on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Twenty-two rats were divided into three experimental groups; Control-saline, Mtx, Mtx+Rutin. Hepatic tissue was taken for histological assessment and biochemical assays. Oxidative stress parameters malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated. Liver markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed in serum. RESULTS: Mtx+Rutin group showed lower histological injury compared to Mtx group, MDA and ALT levels were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px were decreased in Mtx group compared with Control-saline group. MDA and ALT levels were increased, while SOD and GSH-Px were decreased in Mtx group, compared with Mtx + Rutin group. Serum AST levels were similar among the groups. CONCLUSION: Rutin may be a potential adjuvant drug to reduce the hepatic side effects observed during Mtx therapy for various clinical conditions.WoSScopu