Bioprotective properties of Dragon's blood resin: In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity

Abstract Background Food preservation is basically done to preserve the natural characteristics and appearance of the food and to increase the shelf life of food. Food preservatives in use are natural, chemical and artificial. Keeping in mind the adverse effects of synthetic food preservatives, there is a need to identify natural food preservatives. The aims of this study were to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Dragon's blood resin obtained from Dracaena cinnabari Balf f., with a view to develop safer food preservatives. Methods In this study, three solvents of varying polarity were used to extract and separate the medium and high polarity compounds from the non-polar compounds of the Dragon's blood resin. The extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against the food borne pathogens. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were assessed using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, FRAP, metal chelating and reducing power assays. Total phenolics, flavonoids and flavonols of extracts were also estimated using the standard methods. Results Phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed high phenolic content in CH2Cl2 extract of resin. Free radical scavenging of CH2Cl2 extract was found to be highest which is in good correlation with its total phenolic content. All test microorganisms were also inhibited by CH2Cl2 extract. Conclusions Our result provide evidence that CH2Cl2 extract is a potential source of natural antioxidant compounds and exhibited good inhibitory activity against various food borne pathogens. Thus, CH2Cl2 extract of Dragon's blood resin could be considered as possible source of food preservative.</p

Effect of Trifluoromethyl Substitution on C-3 Position in 1H NMR of Quinolones / Coumarins

The structural assignment of differently substituted quinolones / coumarins was reviewed using 1H NMR spectral data. In case of quinolones / coumarins, with varied substitutions at C-4 and different positions of the benzenoid ring, there is a great variation in the 1H NMR value of the proton only attached with C-3. It was observed that when different substitutions (methyl / amino / hydroxy / acetoxy / trifluoromethyl) were carried out at C-4 position, maximum deshielding with the proton attached with C-3 was observed with trifluoromethyl substitution. The observation is same even with the variation in different groups at the benzenoid ring.Â

Natural carbohydrate gums based hydrogels

The future of good research lies in the search of innocuous material development, based primarily on natural resources. Keeping in this perspective, four different natural gums namely, Locust bean Gum, Gum Ghatti, Gum Tragacanth, and, Gum Acacia, are used to synthesize four different novel hydrogels via free radical polymerization method with sodium acrylate and acrylamide. The synthesis is evident with the help of characterization using TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and swelling studies in buffer solutions of pH 4, pH 7.4, pH 9.2, and, in distilled water. The synthesized hydrogels are potent enough in its potential utility in pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, tissue engineering as scaffolds that generally mimic human skin and in wound healing activity by incorporating the drug into it

Creep Response of Rotating Composite Discs having Exponential Hyperbolic Linear and Constant Thickness Profiles

The study compares the steady state creep response of rotating Al-SiC discs having constant, linear, hyperbolic and exponential thickness with different thickness profiles. All the discs are assumed to have equal volume with the same average thickness. The creep behaviour of the disc material is described by threshold stress based law while the yielding is assumed to follow Tresca criterion. The variable thickness disc is observed to have superior creep response, expressed in terms of stresses and strain rates, to a constant thickness disc. Amongst variable thickness discs, the creep response is observed to be superior for linear thickness disc, when the inner thickness of all the discs is kept the same. However, for the same outer thickness, the disc having hyperbolic thickness profile exhibits the best creep response

Application of Choerospondias axillaris fruit extract in edible coating films

Choerospondias axillaris fruit methanolic extract along with natural gums have been studied for its application in edible coating films as a bioactive agent for the protection of orange fruit against decay, to prevent post-harvest losses. Edible coating minimize migration of components within the food system or between the food and its surrounding environment. They provide an alternative to synthetic packaging and thereby bring on a significant role in environmental protection.C. axillaris fruit methanolic extract was checked for its antibacterial properties and the extract was then added in edible coating films for its effectiveness against the decay of orange fruits. The effect of coatings on the extension of shelf-life of orange fruits was studied at 4 and 25 °C for 30 days. During storage, changes in various physiological and chemical parameters such as weight loss, change in pH, total soluble solids and decay rate of coated and uncoated samples were observed at regular intervals. The results indicated that the methanolic extract of C. axillaris showed considerable antimicrobial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and when added in the coating solution along with gum acacia was efficient in delaying weight loss, pH, total soluble solids and decay rate

Application of Choerospondias axillaris fruit extract in edible coating films

124-129Choerospondias axillaris fruit methanolic extract along with natural gums have been studied for its application in edible coating films as a bioactive agent for the protection of orange fruit against decay, to prevent post-harvest losses. Edible coating minimize migration of components within the food system or between the food and its surrounding environment. They provide an alternative to synthetic packaging and thereby bring on a significant role in environmental protection.C. axillaris fruit methanolic extract was checked for its antibacterial properties and the extract was then added in edible coating films for its effectiveness against the decay of orange fruits. The effect of coatings on the extension of shelf-life of orange fruits was studied at 4 and 25 °C for 30 days. During storage, changes in various physiological and chemical parameters such as weight loss, change in pH, total soluble solids and decay rate of coated and uncoated samples were observed at regular intervals. The results indicated that the methanolic extract of C. axillaris showed considerable antimicrobial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and when added in the coating solution along with gum acacia was efficient in delaying weight loss, pH, total soluble solids and decay rate

Natural carbohydrate gums based hydrogels

262-273The future of good research lies in the search of innocuous material development, based primarily on natural resources. Keeping in this perspective, four different natural gums namely, Locust bean Gum, Gum Ghatti, Gum Tragacanth, and, Gum Acacia, are used to synthesize four different novel hydrogels via free radical polymerization method with sodium acrylate and acrylamide. The synthesis is evident with the help of characterization using TGA (Thermo Gravimetric Analysis), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), 13C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), and swelling studies in buffer solutions of pH 4, pH 7.4, pH 9.2, and, in distilled water. The synthesized hydrogels are potent enough in its potential utility in pharmaceuticals, drug delivery, tissue engineering as scaffolds that generally mimic human skin and in wound healing activity by incorporating the drug into it

Cost-Effective Scheduling in Fog Computing: An Environment Based on Modified PROMETHEE Technique

With the rising use of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled devices, there is a significant increase in the use of smart applications that provide their response in real time. This rising demand imposes many issues such as scheduling, cost, overloading of servers, etc. To overcome these, a cost-effective scheduling technique has been proposed for the allocation of smart applications. The aim of this paper is to provide better profit by the Fog environment and minimize the cost of smart applications from the user end. The proposed framework has been evaluated with the help of a test bed containing four analysis phases and is compared on the basis of five metrics- average allocation time, average profit by the Fog environment, average cost of smart applications, resource utilization and number of applications run within given latency. The proposed framework performs better under all the provided metrics.&amp;nbsp

Carboxymethylated gum tragacanth crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate)hydrogel: Fabrication, characterization, rheology and drug-delivery application

 This study aimed to synthesize Carboxymethylated Gum Tragacanth (CMGT) from the Gum Tragacanth (GT). Modified gum’s potential as a drug delivery carrier has been explored by synthesizing CMGT based hydrogels. The viscoelastic characteristics of the fabricated hydrogel have been examined by Rheological analysis. SEM studies have been conducted to examine the surface morphology and TGA is used to perform the thermal analysis. XRD, FTIR, and solid state 13C NMR have been used to examine the structural features of the GT, CMGT, sodium acrylate based hydrogel (SAH) and carboxymethylated gum tragacanth co-polymerized with sodium acrylate based hydrogel (CMGT-co-SAH). The anti-inflammatory drug, Aceclofenac Sodium(AFS) loaded onto the hydrogel has been used as a model drug. The AFS follows the Fickian mechanism of diffusion and the results are best fitted in Higuchi and Korsmeyer–Peppas models.