Polyelectrolyte multilayer assembly bearing ketoprofen for transdermal delivery

A novel microencapsulation technology based on layer-by-layer assembly has been extensively studied and used for controlled delivery of drug microcrystal having poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KF)was selected for encapsulation using biodegradable and biocompatible polyions and synergistically the fabricated system was embedded in gel matrix for topical application. Topical application of the drugs at the pathological sites offer potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and thus producing high tissue concentrations of the drug

Governance, power and resilience in planning for urban density in Mumbai

This research investigates three intersecting policy arenas relating to urban density to gain insights into urban governance in Mumbai. The policy arenas each comprise debates prominently framed around urban density: the 2014-2034 Development Plan for Greater Mumbai (high-density nodes); the Eastern Waterfront redevelopment project (decongesting Mumbai); and Slum Redevelopment and Rehabilitation policies (overcrowding). Specifically, the research investigates how stakeholders engage in - and seek to influence – each of these policy arenas, and what implication that has for their own resilience and that of the city as a social-ecological urban system (SEuS). Engaging with literatures on social-ecological resilience and urban governance, this research adopts a ‘governance for resilience’ frame to explore how actors and knowledges come together to debate and shape policy outcomes, and what practices emerge to shape the governance landscape. The empirical data gives evidence to the idea that planning for urban density in Mumbai is neither a benign nor rational policy manoeuvre, but it polarises stakeholders and places emphasis on divisions between opposing interests, public, private and civic. Investigating the way in which urban density is framed and debated within policy arenas sheds light on the ways in which urban density is politicized and governed by mediations, contestations, tactics, and evolutions within the panarchy of governance. Elaborating these reveals the polarisations in the governance landscapes around urban density in Mumbai and informs how power plays out in governing for resilience. The research reveals that fragmentations in formal governance are overcome by experimentation and innovation at the grassroots. It argues that, even when remembrance (top-down inertia) dominates, active revolt (bottom-up self-organisation, experimentation, and protest) plays a role in building the resources for resilience. Lastly, it shows how - through the actions of international players, internationally dominant discourses, political influences and the power of the State (remembrance) - the city itself is rendered powerless to govern its future. Thus, this research identifies characteristics of governance that support (or hinder) resilience at multiple scales, providing an indication of what 'governance for resilience' may look like. In addition, it provides a perspective on how planners and political scientists might understand and engage with resilience, for the mutual benefit of both areas of scholarship

Classifying Fiction and Non-Fiction Works Using Machine Learning

The objective of this project was to create a program that can determine whether an unknown text is a work of fiction or non-fiction using machine learning. Various datasets of speeches, ebooks, poems, scientific papers, and texts from Project Gutenberg and the Wolfram Example Data were utilized to train and test a Markov Chain machine learning model. A microsite was deployed with the final product that returns a probability of fictionality based on input from the user with 95% accuracy

Comparing efficiency of water cleaning methods

The physical removal of particle contaminants from turbid water reduces bacteria and heavy metals and ensures greater safety in drinking water. Water filtration systems are utilized worldwide; however environmental research has yet to fully compare the efficiencies of three major methods to remove solid contaminants from water: gravitational (simple), vacuum and centrifuge, This study evaluated filtration efficiency based on the mean percent of contaminants filtered out, the mean volume of clean water produced, and the duration of filtration. The turbid water was manually created in the lab and each filtration method was tested five times. There was a significant difference between the three methods tested for each variable, Centrifugal filtration filtered out the most contaminants (94.87 ± 1,96%) but vacuum filtration produced the most water (95.8 ± 0.76 %) in the shortest time interval (27 ± 2.92 seconds). Gravitational filtration was shown to be the least effective in all three variables tested. This work demonstrates that centrifugation most efficiently removes contaminants while vacuum filtration produces clean water the fastest. However, considering the expense of electricity and filtration facilities required for centrifugal and vacuum systems, gravitational filtration is the most economically feasible and sustainable method to treat substantial quantities of water because it is easily operated and requires no electricity. The results of this project can contribute to future studies on methods of filtration. By providing data to evaluate water filtration efficiencies, this study furthers the sixth United Nations Sustainable Development Coal of clean water and sanitation

CONCEPT OF AHARA (DIET) IN AYURVEDA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Ahara is first among the three significant pillars of Ayurveda. It means that it is one of the fundamental principles ahead which gives health, happiness and harmony along with the nature. One should regularly take such substances which are conductive to the preservation of good health and are able of avoid the attacks of sickness. Such type of diet is called naturally healthy diet. Ayurveda is science of life. Main aim of Ayurveda is to maintain health of a person. Ahara plays importance role to achieve this target. In the modern times, the ways in which the food is prepared and presented have changed drastically. Because of the rapid swiftness of life style towards urbanization, one can have less access to fresh food. Today, the dependency on packaged and processed food has also increased exceptionally. It definitely has some destructive effect on both mental and physical well-being. Today Due to consumption of unwholesome diet society facing so many types of disease. Here the concept of Ahara according to Ayurveda is described.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH MILD TO SEVERE SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

ABSTRACTObjective: Cardiovascular risk as suggested by its name refers to altered lipid profile and C-reactive protein. It is associated with hypothyroidismdue to the effect of abnormal concentrations of thyroid hormones in the cardiovascular system and increased the risk of atherosclerosis. Subclinicalhypothyroidism is associated with cardiac abnormalities is not well-documented. C-reactive protein one of the markers of inflammation, considered tobe the predictor of cardiovascular diseases. It may be helpful in the assessment of future developments of cardiovascular abnormalities in subclinicalhypothyroidism.Methods: Recently diagnosed 71 subclinical hypothyroidism patients were enrolled in the study and compared with 63 healthy individuals.Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Thyroid profile (TSH, free thyroxine,triiodothyroinine) and C-reactive protein were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and highdensitylipoprotein-cholesterolwereinvestigatedin the studypopulation bya spectrophotometricmethod,and low-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)wasmeasuredbythe Friedewaldformula.Results and Conclusion: Altered lipid profile, as well as higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, was observed in subclinical hypothyroidismpatients as compared to controls. Higher concentration of TC, TG, and LDL was observed in subclinical hypothyroidism patients while theconcentration of high-density lipoprotein was lower in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. The elevated concentration of C-reactive proteinwas also observed in the patient group. Patients having TSH >10 µIU/ml have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to patientshaving TSH <10 µIU/ml and increasing concentration of C-reactive protein along with LDL-C may progress to cardiac abnormality.Keywords: Subclinical hypothyroidism, C-reactive protein, Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular risk

SCOPE OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and inflammatory diseases are now a day's one of the most popular topics of research. Previous studies have shownthat the patients with SCH have increased levels of triglycerides and signs of low-grade inflammation (raised C-reactive protein levels). Disordermight be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and other inflammatory diseases. However, there is still some controversy concerning theinflammatory impact of SCH. Treating patients with thyroid stimulating hormone values of <10 mIU/L is not compelling, except in pregnant women.Fortifying the association between SCH and inflammation and a better understanding of research data may provide a more compelling argument forfuture treatment.Keywords: Thyroid stimulating hormone, C reactive protein, interleukin-6, inflammatio

Evaluating association between thrombocytopenia and hypertension in pregnancy and its fetomaternal outcome

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is common complication of pregnancy with incidence 5-15% and associated with maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Platelet count is most simple, rapid and economical method of prediction of pregnancy induced hypertension. The aim and objective of study was to corelate with severity of thrombocytopenia and its association with fetal and maternal outcome. Methods: This study was a case control study and was conducted in department of obsterics and gynecology, SVBP hospital attached to LLRM medical college, Meerut, from October 2020 To June 2022. Total number of 100 pregnant females out of which 50 pregnant females with hypertension as cases and 50 pregnant females without hypertension as control were included in study. Observations were tabulated, analysed and conclusions were drawn. Results: Out of 50 cases 43 patients developed preeclampsia thus giving incidence of 43 % and out of which 21 patients had mild thrombocytopenia,13 moderate thrombocytopenia and 4 severe thrombocytopenia. The mean age amongst cases was 26.73±5.19SD and the mean age amongst control was 28.09±4.83. There was very high significant relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia with severity of hypertension during pregnancy (at p <0.01). 24% fetuses had preterm birth, 8% had fetal growth restriction, 2% were IUD and 2% mortality. 2% of mothers had DIC,8% had post-partum hemorrhage, 6% had abruption ,4% had pulmonary edema and 6% mortality. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is most common and can be life threatening complication of pregnancy induced hypertension. Therefore, platelet count can be used as an early, easy, simple, most economical and rapid test to assess severity of preeclampsia and to prevent its progression to eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and DIC

A sonographic assessment of previous caesarean section scar: is a reliable safeguard for trial of labour?

Background: Over the time the caesarean delivery rate has significantly increase worldwide from 18.2% in 2002 to 30.3% in 2012. In parous women, previous caesarean section has been found to be the most common indication for caesarean delivery in as high as 67% cases. Unsecure prediction of the integrity of the scarred LUS during labor appears to be one of the reasons for high repeat caesarean rates. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of sonographic measurement of the lower uterine segment scar before labour for deciding whether it is a reliable safeguard for trial of labour or not in a woman having previous one caesarean delivery.Methods: This study was a prospective observational study, carried out on 108 pregnant women having previous one CS, gestational age >37, singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation. Trans-abdominal USG was done to measure scar thickness. Trial of labour was given to each patient irrespective of scar thickness. Pregnancy outcome were noted in terms of successful VBAC or emergency LSCS and compared with scar thickness. Correlation between sonographic and intra-operative finding of scar were noted.Results: Result shows strong correlation between scar thickness and successful trial of labour. Scar thickness increases chances of successful vaginal deliveries.Conclusions: Sonographic assessment of previous scar has a practical application to predict the thickness and thinness of previous scar and can be taken as a reliable safeguard for trial of labour after previous cesarean but cut off value above which vaginal delivery could be considered safe is yet to be identified